chapter 9 extra questions

which anatomical structure is referred to as the neck of the “scottie dog” in an oblique lumbar spine radiograph

A. spinous process

B. transverse process

C. pars interarticularis

D. intervertebral disc space

C. pars interarticularis

which projection best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine

A. Ap

B. Lateral

C. Oblique

D. PA

C. Oblique

what patient position is used to demonstrate the right zygapophysal joints of the lumbar spine

A. LPO

B. RPO

C. LAO

D. RAO

B. RPO

for a lateral lumbar spine where is the central ray directed

A. at the level of T12

B. at the level of L1

C. at the level of the iliac crest (L4-L5)

D. at the level of S1

C. at the level of the iliac crest (L4-L5)

what breathing instructions are given for an AP or lateral lumbar spine projection

A. inhale and hold

B. exhale and hold

C. suspend respiration

D. shallow breathing

B. exhale and hold

what degree of patient rotation is required to visualize the lumbar zygapophyseal joints

A. 15-20

B. 30-35

C. 45

D. 60

C. 45

which projection best demonstrates spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine

A. Ap axial

B. Lateral

C. Oblique

D. AP

B. Lateral

in a lateral lumbar spine radiograph, what can be used to improve visualization of the intervertebral disc spaces if the patient’s spine is not horizontal

A. angle the central ray 5-8 caudad

B. use a compression band

C. place a radiolucent sponge under the lower back

D. angle the central ray 5-8 cephalad

D. angle the central ray 5-8 cephalad

which projection of the lumbar spine is most useful for assessing the mobility of the spine in cases of suspected instability

A. oblique lumbar spine

B. lateral lumbar spine

C. flexion and extension lateral projections

D. AP lumbar spine

C. flexion and extension lateral projections

what is the purpose of collimating tightly to the lumbar spine during imaging

A. to improve image brightness

B. to reduce patient dose and scatter radiation

C. to enhance contrast resolution

D. to increase magnification of the vertebral bodies

B. to reduce patient dose and scatter radiation

for an AP lumbar spine projection, why is it important for the patient to flex their knees and place their feet flat on the table

A. to reduce the lordotic curve and open intervertebral disc spaces

B. to stabilize the pelvis and sacrum

C. to minimize patient movement during exposure

D. to improve visualization of the spinous processes

A. to reduce the lordotic curve and open intervertebral disc spaces

what projection is typically used to assess scoliosis

A. AP

B. Lateral

C. PA erect

D. Oblique

C. PA erect

why is a PA projection preferred over AP for scoliosis imaging

A. better image quality

B. reduces radiation exposure to the thyroid and breast

C. improved patient comfort

D. easier to position the patient

B. reduces radiation exposure to the thyroid and breast

what is the typical SID for scoliosis imaging

A. 40 inches

B. 44 inches

C. 60 inches

D. 72 inches

D. 72 inches

what is the proper central ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum

A. 10 cephalad

B. 15 cephalad

C. 30 cephalad

D. 20 caudad

B. 15 cephalad

what is the central ray angle for an AP axial coccyx projection

A. 5 cephalad

B. 10 caudad

C. 15 cephalad

D. 20 caudad

B. 10 caudad

where should the central ray be directed for a lateral sacrum and coccyx projection

A. 2 inches anterior to the posteror sacrum

B. at the ASIS

C. 3-4 inches posterior to the ASIS

D. 2 inches posterior to the iliac crest

C. 3-4 inches posterior to the ASIS

what is the recommended collimation for an AP axial sacrum projection

A. to include the entire lumbar spine and pelvis

B. to include only the sacrum

C. to include the sacrum and coccyx

D. to include the sacrum and SI joints

C. to include the sacrum and coccyx

what is the proper degree of patient rotation for an oblique Si joint projection
A. 15
B. 25-30

C. 45

D. 60

B. 25-30

in an RPO position for SI joints, which side is demonstrated

A. Left

B. Right

C. Both

D. neither

A. Left

what is the central ray angle for an AP axial SI joint projection

A. 15 cephalad

B. 20 caudad

C. 30-35 cephalad

D. 40 cephalad

C. 30-35 cephalad

which projection best demonstrates the Si joint space

A. lateral sacrum

B. oblique SI joints

C. AP axial sarum

D. Ap lumbar spine

B. oblique SI joints