Chemistry Ch 13 Quiz

Vapor Pressure

A measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid

Atmospheric Pressure

The pressure resulting from the collision of atoms and molecules with objects

Normal Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to 760 mm Hg

Manometer

A device used to measure the vapor pressure of a substance (U-shaped)

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Evaporation

Vaporization at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

Kinetic Theory

All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant random motion

Kinetic Energy

The energy an object has due to its motion

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure

Barometer

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure

Gas Pressure

results from force exerted by a gas per unit of surface area of an object

Vacuum

an empty space with no particles & no pressure

Average Kinetic Energy

kinetic energies in the middle range between very high and very low

Absolute Zero

all particles stop moving (0 degrees Kelvin, -273.15 degrees Celsius, or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit)

Intermolecular Forces

interactions between molecules of a substance

Freezing Point

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.

Ionic Solids

\-high melting points

\-strong forces hold them together

Molecular Solids

\-lower melting points

Crystal

A formation where particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a *crystal lattice*

Unit Cell

the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal

Crystal Lattice

a repeating array of any one of four kinds of unit cells

Simple Cubic

Atoms/ions are arranged at the corners of an imaginary cube

Body-Centered

Atoms/ ions are at the corners and in the center of an imaginary cube

Face-Centered

Atoms/ions are at the corners and in the center of each face of an imaginary cube

Allotrope

two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state

Amorphous Solid

lacks an ordered internal crystalline structure

Glass

a transparent fusion product of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

Diamond

The interior carbon atoms of the diamond are strongly bonded to four others. The array is rigid and compact

Graphite

Carbon atoms are linked in widely spaced layers of hexagonal arrays

Buckminster-fullerene

60 carbon atoms form a hollow sphere. The carbons are arranged in pentagons & hexagons