Memory (Encoding, Storage, Retrieval)

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to memory processes including encoding, storage, retrieval, and types of memory.

Memory

A term that reflects a number of different abilities such as working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory.

Encoding

The initial learning of information; the process of perceiving and relating new information to past knowledge.

Storage

The maintenance of information over time.

Retrieval

The process of accessing stored information when needed.

Episodic Memory

Memory for personal events and experiences in a particular time and place.

Semantic Memory

A type of memory characterized by general knowledge and facts about the world.

Working Memory

The ability to hold and manipulate information briefly while working with it.

Distinctiveness

The principle that unusual events are recalled better than uniform events.

Mnemonic Devices

Strategies for remembering large amounts of information, often involving imaginative associations.

Encoding Specificity Principle

The idea that retrieval cues will be more effective if they match the information encoded in memory.

Flashbulb Memory

Vivid personal memories of significant, often emotional, events.

Misinformation Effect

When erroneous information presented after an event is remembered as part of the original event.

Retroactive Interference

Forgetting of older memories due to newer information occurring after them.

Proactive Interference

Forgetting of new information due to interference from older memories.

Memory Traces

Physical changes in the nervous system that represent experiences or information.

Recoding

The process of taking information from one form and converting it into another, usually more memorable form.