Lesson 14: Reproduction and Heredity

From powerpoint

Asexual reproduction

• generation of offspring from a single parent

• NO fusion of gametes

• offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Sexual Reproduction

• Two parents

• gametes

• offspring have a unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents

True or False: Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually?

True

What are clones?

group of genetically identical individuals

In asexual reproduction, how many chromosomes do binary fission in bacteria have?

1 chromosome

In asexual reproduction, how many chromosomes does mitosis in eukaryotes have?

2+ chromosomes

Are offspring produced by sexual reproduction the same or different genetically from both siblings and parents 

they are different genetically

What is Variation?

differences between parent and offspring or differences between members of the same species

Genetics

field of study involving inheritance and hereditary variation

Heredity (aka inheritance)

transmission of trait from one generation to the next

Gene

discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific sequence in DNA

What does locus mean?

the specific location along the length of a chromosome

Where are genes located

on the chromosomes

What are Gametes?

Plants and animals that reproduce sexually produce specialized cells

• sperm

• egg

What is a karyotype?

ordered display of all chromosomes in a cell

How many copies do somatic cells have of each chromosome

2

What are paired chromosomes called?

homologous chromosomes

What are X and Y chromosomes called

sex chromosomes

What are all other chromosomes called that are not the sex chromosomes?

autosomes

What are alleles?

Different versions of a gene that determine distinct traits. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.

What does ploidy mean?

the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

What does polyploid mean?

it means cells have more than two sets of chromosomes