Studied by 1 person
October 1
“What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”
John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815
Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams’ theory about the Revolution?
(A) The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause
(B) The existence of significant social and economic divisions within the colonies
(C) The importance of colonial military victories in bringing about independence
(D) The importance of support from European allies in defeating the British
A
2. Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?
(A) Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies
(B) The forging of American Indian political alliances with European powers
(C) Increased involvement of colonial merchants in the Atlantic economy
(D) The expansion of the colonial population into the interior of the continent
A
3. Which of the following aspects of life in the United States in the early nineteenth century most likely influenced Adams’ recollection of Revolutionary events?
(A) The rapid development of the market revolution
(B) The development of a national culture and national identity
(C) The growing popularity of the idea of Manifest Destiny
(D) The rapid growth of a mass democracy
B
“From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . .
“These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . .
“If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?”
Which of the following would have been most likely to agree with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
(A) Native Americans west of the Appalachian Mountains
(B) Enslaved people in the South
(C) Anglican ministers in the middle colonies
(D) Merchants in New England
D
“From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confirmed my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfilling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. . . .
“These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. . . .
“If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and . . . to compel obedience to that order also. . . . What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?”
To which of the following was Dickinson responding in his letters?
(A) Native American challenges to European control of the fur trade
(B) Increased taxation and imperial oversight following the Seven Years’ War
(C) Efforts by the Spanish to reclaim territory in North America
(D) Arguments regarding the creation of a new national constitution
B
Based on the excerpt, the most likely purpose of Dickinson’s letters was to
(A) use Enlightenment rhetoric to encourage American autonomy
(B) support efforts to claim the French territory of Louisiana
(C) argue for increased industrial production in the colonies
(D) call for the immediate end of the international slave trade
A
The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to
(A) the removal of British troops from Massachusetts during the French and Indian War
(B) Parliament’s passage of the Intolerable Acts
(C) British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy
(D) British attacks on colonial troops at Lexington and Concord
(E) Lord Hillsborough’s decision to dissolve the Massachusetts Assembly
C
“‘I ordered my company to fire,’ [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754–60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756–63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: ‘The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.’”
Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997
Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) by
(A) charging immigrants a fee to relocate to North America
(B) selling ships from its navy to colonial merchants
(C) increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies
(D) sponsoring expeditions to locate valuable resources
C
Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) in North America?
(A) Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies
(B) Efforts by Britain to monopolize tobacco sales in Europe
(C) Spanish attempts to end British control of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
(D) Britain’s desire to enact new taxes on Native American nations
A
The British government attempted to restrict westward settlement following the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) in order to
(A) support the fur trade east of the Appalachian Mountains
(B) discourage immigration to the North American colonies
(C) give French settlers time to leave Canada
(D) minimize conflicts with Native Americans
D
“We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. . . .
“We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offense. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.
“In our own native land, in defense of the freedom . . . , and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it—for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms.”
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, July 1775
The British Crown’s response to actions like those in the excerpt was to
(A) declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion
(B) agree to meet with colonial representatives
(C) adopt a new form of imperial government
(D) appoint a new prime minister
A
The issuing of the declaration in the excerpt best serves as evidence of the
(A) Patriot inclusion of abolitionism as a goal of the resistance
(B) desire of the majority of colonists to launch offensive attacks against the British
(C) efforts of colonists to protect their rights as English subjects
(D) colonial demand for complete independence from Britain
C
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to challenge the assertion in the excerpt that British attacks on the colonists had been “unprovoked”?
(A) The extension of a petition of reconciliation by members of the Second Continental Congress
(B) A series of popular boycotts, mob protests, and violence against royal officials
(C) Efforts by Quakers and Germans in the mid-Atlantic colonies to promote pacifism and remain neutral
(D) The outbreak of skirmishes between Patriot and Loyalist forces throughout the southern colonies
B
Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
(A) The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense
(B) The drafting of the United States Constitution
(C) The issuing of George Washington’s Farewell Address
(D) The writing of The Federalist papers
A
The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT
(A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights
(B) call for the abolition of the slave trade
(C) appeal to the sympathies if the English people
(D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774
(E) accuse George III of tyranny
B
All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT:
(A) Most soldiers were draftees.
(B) The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home.
(C) The army had inadequate arms and ammunition.
(D) The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money.
(E) The army was inadequately fed and clothed.
A
The First Continental Congress called for the Continental Association to
(A) identify Loyalists
(B) gather military supplies
(C) spy on British troop movements
(D) enforce an economic boycott of British goods
(E) organize protests against new British taxes
D
“Question. Are not the Colonies, from their circumstances, very able to pay the stamp duty?
“Answer. In my opinion there is not gold and silver enough in the Colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year. . . .
“Question. Do you think it right that America should be protected by this country and pay no part of the expense?
“Answer. That is not the case. The Colonies raised, clothed, and paid, during the last war, near twenty-five thousand men, and spent many millions. . . .
“Question. What was the temper [opinion or attitude] of America toward Great Britain before the year 1763 ?
“Answer. The best in the world. They submitted willingly to the government of the Crown, and paid, in all their courts, obedience to acts of Parliament. . . .
“Question. And what is their temper now?
“Answer. Oh, very much altered. . . .
“Question. Was it an opinion in America before 1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and duties there?
“Answer. I never heard an objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there.”
Benjamin Franklin, testimony before the British Parliament regarding the Stamp Act, 1766
Which of the following most directly led to the change in the “temper of America toward Great Britain” described in the excerpt?
(A) A change in the British constitution
(B) The election of a new British Parliament
(C) British efforts to consolidate control over its colonies
(D) An end to American Indian threats requiring British protection
C
Which conflict was Franklin referring to when he described colonial contributions to the “last war”?
(A) The American Revolutionary War
(B) Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War)
(C) The Pueblo Revolt
(D) The Seven Years’ War (the French and Indian War)
D
Franklin based his argument in the excerpt on which of the following?
(A) Belief in American traditions of self-rule
(B) Advocacy for American independence from Britain
(C) Concerns about protecting maritime trade
(D) Objections to supporting the Church of England
A
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