H8 Unit 14: Civil War

Ft. Sumter

South Carolina fort shelled by Confederates in April 1861, first shots of the Civil War

1st Bull Run

first major land battle of Civil War, south of Washington, D.C., important due to railroad intersection, South wins, "Stonewall" Jackson gets nickname

Antietam

deadliest day in US military history, stalemate, afterward Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation, Europe decides to not help the Confederacy

Shiloh

brutal two day battle in western Tennessee, both sides shocked at high casualties and reassess how war will be fought

Anaconda Plan

squeeze the South into submission by blockade of the South, capture Mississippi River, and put a large army in Virginia

Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address

Lincoln's presidential address to the nation regarding desire to reunite the country not end slavery, but decision to unite or fight on South

Jefferson Davis

Confederate President during the Civil War

Robert E. Lee

military leader of the Army of Northern Virginia, eventually led all Southern military operations, surrendered at Appomattox Court House in 1865

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate military leader, most effective commander for Lee, killed at Chancellorsville in 1863

Abraham Lincoln

Union President during the Civil War, issue Emancipation Proclamation, assassinated at Ford's Theater in April 1865

Ulysses S. Grant

Union military leader, won at Shiloh, eventually led all Union military operations, forced Lee to surrender in April 1865

Emancipation Proclamation

effective on Jan. 1, 1863, this political document issued by Lincoln freed the slaves in areas controlled by the Confederacy, but did not immediately emancipate slaves in Union controlled areas

Vicksburg

Union siege by Grant, starved city into surrender, gave control of Mississippi River to Union

Gettysburg

largest battle of the Civil War, three days of fighting, over 53,000 casualties, High Tide of the Confederacy, Lee loses 1/3 of army

Civil War

1861-1865

Copperheads

North peace Democrats who wanted the Union to stop the war and negotiate peace with the Confederacy

Gettysburg Address

short speech by Lincoln outlining why the Union is fighting and encouraging the Union to see the war to its completion - freedom

William Tecumseh Sherman

led March to the Sea which destroyed the heart of Georgia from Tennessee border to Savannah via total war, credited with Sherman neck/ bow ties

Appomattox Court House

site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, effectively ending the Civil War

54th Massachusetts Regiment

formed in 1863, made up of free blacks and former slaves, fought heroically at the Battle of Ft. Morgan, SC, efforts paved the way for 186,000 similar soldiers in the Civil War

Election of 1864

Lincoln vs. McClellan, choice between continuing war to end or stopping fight and negotiating for peace with the Confederacy

Monitor vs. Merrimack

"ironclad" naval battle, iron armored ships battle to a draw off coast of Virginia, ended era of wooden military vessels

March to the Sea

Union campaign under Sherman, sought to capture Atlanta and reach the coastal city of Savanah, Georgia, Union Army destroyed everything useful in its path, this became known as total war

Clara Barton

"Angel of the Battlefield," Civil War nurse, later founder of the American Red Cross

George B. McClellan

Union General early in war, removed from command by Lincoln, ran against Lincoln in 1864 Presidential Election