Chapter 9 Obstetrics and Neonatology

Placenta

Structure that grows on wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus (commonly referred to as afterbirth)

amniotic sac

membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery (commonly referred to as bad of waters)

chorion

outermost layer of fetal membrane

amnion

innermost layer of the fetal membrane

amniotic fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac which surrounds the fetus

umbilicus

navel (belly button); marks the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus

amnio, aminiono

amnion, amniotic fluid

chori/o

chorion

episio

vulva

feto, feti

fetus unborn offspring

gravido

pregnancy

lacto

milk

omphalo

umbilicus navel

paro, pato

bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth

puerpero

childbirth

cephalo

head

esophago

esophagus

primi

first

pseudo

false

pyloro

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

terato

malformations

ante

before

pre

before

multi

many

nuli

none

post

after

neo

new

amnios

amnion, amnionic fluid

cyesis

pregnancy

rrhexis

rupture

tocia

birth, labor

amnionitis

inflammation of the amnion

choioamnionitis

inflammation of thje chorion and amnion

dystocia

difficult labor

hysterorrhexis

rupture of the uterus

oligohydramnios

scanty amnion water

polyhydamios

much amion water

abortion

Termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before viability, usually before 20 weeks of gestation.

Spontaneous abortion

 is the termination of pregnancy that occurs naturally and is commonly referred to as  miscarriage.

Induced abortion

is the intentional termination of pregnancy by surgical or medical intervention

Ectopic pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes

Abruptio Placentae

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

Placenta Previa

abnormally low implantation of placenta covering the cervix

Preeclampsia

•Abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by :

•High blood pressure

•Proteinuria

•No convulsions

•Cause is unknown

•Can progress to Eclampsia

Eclampsia

•Severe complication and progression of preeclampsia

•Convulsions

•Potentially life threatening

3^rd most common cause of maternal death in U.S

Micro/cephalus

(fetus with a very) small head

Omphal/o/cele

Herniation at the umbilicus

 (a part of the intestine protrudes

through the abdominal wall at birth.)

Pyloric stenosis

Narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter. (congenital pyloric stenosis occurs in 1 of every 200 newborns.)

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Abnormal passageway pertaining to the trachea and esophagus (between the trachea and esophagus)

Coarctation of the Aorta

congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in the arch of the aorta

Cleft lip or palate

congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth

Down Syndrome

Genetic condition caused by a chromosomal abnormality characterized by varying degrees of intelligence, developmental, and physical disorders or defects

Congenital heart disease

heart abnormality present at birth

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)

herpes-type virus that crosses the placenta

Esophageal atresia

congenital absence of part of the esophagus. Food cannot pass from the baby’s mouth to the stomach. 

Erythroblastosis fetalis

•Condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. The condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant’s and mother’s blood, occurring when the mother’s blood is Rh negative and the infant’s blood in Rh positive.

Fetal alcohol syndrome  (FAS)

Condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Various birth defects may be present, including central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face.

Gastroschisis

Congenital fissure of the abdominal wall that is

 not at the umbilicus. Enterocele, protrusion of

the intestine, is usually present.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Respiration complications in the newborns, especially in premature infants. Caused by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration

Spina Bifida

•congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close

•If the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele.

•Protrusion of both the meninges and spinal cord is called meningomyelocele

Episi/otomy

incision into the vulva (perineum) (sometimes performed during delivery to prevent a traumatic tear of the vulva) (also called perineotomy)

cervical cerclage

suturing of cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery 

pelvic sonography

pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound (pelvic ultrasound is used extensively to evaluate the fetus and pregnancy) (also called pelvic ultrasonography, pelvic ultrasound, and obstetric ultrasonography)

Amniotomy

is incison into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor; a special hook is generally used to make the incision)

Amniocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid the needle is inseted through the abdominal and uterine waalls using ultrasound to guide the needle it is a prenatal test in which the fluid is used

nulligravida

no pregnacies

primigracida

first pregnancy

multigravida

many pregnancy

nullipara

no births

primipara

first birth

multipara

many births

aminorrhea

Discharge (escape) of amnionic fluid

amniorrhexis

Rupture of the amnion (innermost layer surrounding the fetus)

ante/partum

Before childbirth (reference to the mother)

gravida

Pregnant (woman); (a woman who is or has been pregnant, regardless of pregnancy outcomes)

intrapartum

Within (during) labor and childbirth

lactic

Pertaining to milk

lactorrhea

spontaneous) discharge of milk

neonate

new birth

neonatologist

Physician who studies and treat disorders of the newborn

neonatology

study of newborn

para

birth

postnatal

pertaining to after birth (pertaining to baby)

postpartum

After childbirth (reference to the mother)

Prenatal

Pertaining to before birth (reference to the newborn)

Pseudo/cyesis

False pregnancy (a woman who belies she is pregnant- they may be a psychological condition or related to underlying pathology, such as a uterine tumor.

Teratogen

any agent) producing malformations (in the developing embryo). Teratogens include chemical agents such as drugs, alcohol, viruses, x-rays and environmental factors.

Teratogenic

producing malformations

antepartum

mother before birth

postpartum

mother after birth

prenatal

newborn before birth

postnatal

newborn after birth

APGAR

System for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

Cesarean section (CS, C-section)

Birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus (may also be spelled caesarean)

Colostrum

Thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins

Congenital Anomaly

Abnormally presents a birth; often discovered before birth by sonography and/or amniocentesis

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Method of fertilizing human ova outside the body and placing the zygote into the uterus; management techniques that artificially combine both ova and the sperm are called assisted reproductive technology (ART)

lactation

secretion of milk

lochia

vaginal discharge after childbirth

Meconium

First stool of the newborn (greenish-black)