Studied by 12 people
mita system
system that required each native village to send one-seventh of its male population to work for four months in the silver mines at potosi
settler colony
places under european rule that displaced indigenous peoples in north americas for french, english, and dutch migrants
indentured labor
System of labor in which individuals sell a portion of their working lives in exchange for passage to a new country (e.g chronically unemployed people from europe traveling across the atlantic)
seven years’ war
a conflict between france, austria, and russia against britain and prussia over land dominance in north america and india
mulattoes
a person of Portuguese and African descent
encomineda
system in which Spanish (settlers) had the right to force the Taino people into working in fields or mines; justified because they “took care” of the workers by converting them into christianity
peninsulares
migrants who came from europe, particularly the iberian peninsula
potosi
place of large silver deposits in the andes that became a mining center during the spanish-colonial period
viceroy
spanish colonial officials appointed by the monarchy to govern New Spain (Mexico) during the colonial period; were responsible for enforcing spanish rule and implementing policies that benefited the crown.
james cook
british explorer and navigator who played a significant role in the exploration and mapping of australia. In 1770, he charted the eastern coastline of australia during his first voyage
tordesillas
The Treaty of _ divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands
francisco pizarro
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
hernan cortes
Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire
hacienda
Large estates or plantations with a dwelling house in the Latin American Spanish colonies that exploited indigenous labor
Malintzin or Dona Marina
Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico; served as a translator and advisor to hernan cortes
mestizo
A person of mixed indigenous and Spanish ancestry
manila galleons
Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to the Philippines for trading purposes
disease OR guns, horses, steel, military knowledge
The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas
profitable sugar plantations on the brazillian coast
Why did the Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil?
viceroys
chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas
audiencas (court composed of university-educated lawyers)
conducted reviews to check the power of viceroys
bureaucrats (had to implement royal policy and justice)
replaced the conquistadores in government after they conquered American lands
cash crop
The Spanish and Portuguese colonizers created _ economies (hint:2 words) that primarily grew one crop for the sole purpose of export and gaining wealth. These included sugar cane and tobacco.
Note 
Flashcard (63)