LAM GOV ch 4

Federalism

Federalism

a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis, between a central government and several regional governments, usually called states or provinces.

Division of Powers

basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisionsby which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in the united states, between the national government and the states)

Delegated Powers

that government only has those powers delegated or granted by the constitution.

Expressed Powers

those powers expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the national government by the constitution.

Implied Powers

those delegated powers of the national government that are suggested by the express powers set out in the constitution; those “necessary and proper” to carry out the expressed powers

Inherent Powers

powers the constitution is presimed to have delegated to the national government because it is the government of a soverign state within the world community

Reserved Powers

those powers that the constitution does not grant to the national government and does not deny to the states.

Exclusive Powers

those powers that can be exercised by the national government alone

Concurrent Powers

powers both the national and state governments possess to exercise.

Supremacy Clause

a provision in the U.S. constitution that states that the constitution, federal law, and treaties of the united states are the “supreme law of the land.”

Enabling act

a congressional act directing the people of a united states territory to frame a proposed state constitution as a step toward admission to the union

Act of admission

congressional act admitting a new state to the union

Grants-in-aid-program

grants of federal money or other resources to the States and their cities, counties, and other local units.

Categorical grant

one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose

Block grant

one type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy

Project grant

one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects to the states, localities, and private agencies who apply for them

Interstate compact

formal agreement entered into with the consent of congress, between or among states, or between a state and a foreign state

Full Faith and Credit Clause extradition

constitutions requirement that each state accept the public acts records and judicial proceedings of every other state

Extradition

the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State can be returned to that State

Privileges and Immunities Clause

constitutions stipulation that all citizens are entitles to certain “privleges and immunities” regardless of their state of residence; no state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other states