HOSA-Sports Medicine (Examination, Evaluation and Assessment)

60-80 bpm

Adult pulse

80-100 bpm

Child Pulse

Shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, and/or heat exhaustion

Rapid and weak pulse indicates

Heat stroke and/or severe fright

Rapid but strong pulse indicates

Skull fracture and/or stroke

Strong but slow pulse indicates

Cardiac arrest and/or death

No pulse indicates

Neck (cartoid artery), the wrist (radial artery)

2 most convenient sites for taking the pulse

12-20 breaths per min

Adult respiration

20-25 breaths per min

Child respirations

Shock

Shallow breathing indicates

Watching, feeling and counting the rise and fall of chest

Measurement for respirations is taken by

98.6 F

Oral temp

99.6 F

Rectal temp

97.6 F

Ancillary temp

Disease, infection, and/or overexposure to environmental heat

Hot, dry skin indicates

Trauma, shock, and/or heat exhaustion

Cool, clammy skin is an indicator of

Overexposure to cold

Cool and dry skin is displayed because of...

Cardiac related issue

Irregular or gasping breath are due to

Heat stroke, diabetic coma, and/or high blood pressure

Red skin color

Insufficient circulation, shock, fright, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion, and/or insulin shock

White skin color

Circulated blood is poorly oxygenated

Cause of blue skin

Injury to the central nervous system and/or intake of a depressant drug

Constricted pupils

Head injury, shock, heat stroke, hemorrhage, and/or intake of a stimulant drug

Dilated pupils

Brain injury, intake of alcohol, or drug poisoning

Failing pupils to light

Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light

PEARL

Athlete's mental awareness, memory and ability to recall, response to commands

Evaluation of LOC (A,M&A,R)

Alert, Verbal, Responds to pain, Unresponsive

AVPU

Active, Passive, Assistive, Resistive

4 basic patterns of movement

Nerve stimulation

Check for motor and sensory to determine if affected area has nerve damage

120/80

Normal Blood Pressure

When the heart contracts

Systolic

As the heart relaxes

Diastolic