Electrolysis

Which bonds are broken in electrolysis?

ionic bonds

How do you split up ionic compounds

make it molten (liquid) or aqueous (disolved)

What are the names of the metal sticks in the compound

electrodes

what is the negative electrode called

the cathode

what is the positive electrode called

the cathode

Which ions does the cathode attract?

Positive ions - metals (x+)

What ions does the anode attract

negative ions - non-metals (x-)

What is electrolysis

the splitting of ionic substances using electricity

Why do the ionic compounds need to be molten or aqueous

because the ions need to be free to move around

What do you call the compound that has been dissolved or melted

the electrolyte

if the ionic substance is dissolved, what ions are formed

the ions from the ionic substance, hydrogen (H+), and Hydroxide (OH-)

In dissolved electrolysis, if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen on the reactivity series, what is produced

Hydrogen, because it is less happy being unstable and so wants to get that extra electron a lot, so it forms on the cathode before the metal

In dissolved electrolysis, if the metal is more less than hydrogen on the reactivity series, what is produced

The metal is produced (copper, silver or gold), this is because it is not happy unstable, and is less happy unstable than hydrogen, so it forms on the cathode before the hydroge

If one of the ions in dissolved electrolysis is a halide ion (halogens), what is produced

the halide ion is produced, which then gains electrons to produce a halogen, instead of the hydroxide being produced

If one of the ions in dissolved electrolysis is not halide ions (halogens), what is produced

oxygen is produced, because the hydroxide goes to the anode, and that 

What is the formula for when there are no halide ions present in dissolved electrolysis

4OH⁻→O₂+2H₂O+4𝑒⁻

Why can solid ionic compounds not be separated into their ions

Because the ions aren’t free to move around