Types of data - primary, secondary, quantitative and qualitative

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10 Terms

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Primary data - collected by who and for what purpose

  • By: the sociologist themself

  • For: the specific purpose of their research

2
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Secondary data - collected by who and for what purpose

  • By: another sociologist or other person

  • For: a purpose different to that of the researcher who is using it

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4 examples of primary data

  1. Questionnaires

  2. Interviews

  3. Observations

  4. Experiments

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4 examples of secondary data

  1. Official stats

  2. Letters/diaries/photographs

  3. Newspapers

  4. TV broadcasts

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Advantage of primary data 

  • Able to obtain data directly related to the research the sociologist is carrying out

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2 disadvantages of primary data

  1. Costly

  2. Time-consuming

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2 advantages of secondary data

  1. Quick

  2. Cheap

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Disadvantage of secondary data

  • May not be the exact information needed by the sociologist for their research

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Quantitative data + examples

  • Numerical - can be quantified

    • Official statistics

    • Opinion polls

    • Surveys, questionnaires

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Qualitative data + examples

  • Words - descriptive, detailed

    • Informal interviews about feelings or opinions - open questions, not closed questions

    • Descriptive information about behaviour gathered from observation