Nervous system flashcards

9H 2025

What is negative feedback?

A mechanism that counteracts a change, helping to maintain homeostasis.

What is an effector?

An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

What is a gland?

An organ that produces and releases substances like hormones.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

What is a neuron?

A nerve cell that transmits signals in the nervous system.

What is a synapse?

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

What is the cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions.

What are neurotransmitters?

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse between neurons.

What are receptors?

Proteins that receive and respond to neurotransmitters or hormones.

What is a hormone?

A chemical messenger produced by glands that regulates various functions.

What are the primary parts of the Central nervous system?

Brain, Spinal cord

What are the primary parts of the Peripheral nervous system?

Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system

Which structure links the nervous and endocrine systems?

Hypothalamus

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

What does the peripheral nervous system control?

Connects the CNS to limbs and organs, controlling involuntary and voluntary actions.

What are motor neurons?

Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscles.

What particular systems does the nervous system branch into?

Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system

What is the responsibility and location of the Temporal lobe?

Responsible for processing auditory information; located on the sides of the brain.

What is the responsibility of the Cerebellum?

Coordination of movement Balance Posture

Where is the Cerebellum located in the brain?

At the back of the brain, beneath the cerebrum

What is the responsibility of the Pons?

Relays signals between cerebrum and cerebellum, Regulates sleep and arousal

Where is the Pons located in the brain?

Above the medulla oblongata, below the midbrain

What is the responsibility of the Occipital Lobe?

Processing visual information

Where is the Occipital Lobe located in the brain?

At the back of the brain

What is the responsibility of the Parietal Lobe?

Processing sensory information, Spatial awareness

Where is the Parietal Lobe located in the brain?

Near the top and back of the brain

What is the responsibility of the Frontal Lobe?

Executive functions, Motor control, Decision making

Where is the Frontal Lobe located in the brain?

At the front of the brain

What is the responsibility of the Cerebrum?

Higher brain functions Thought and action

Where is the Cerebrum located in the brain?

The largest part, covering the upper part of the brain

What is the responsibility of the Medulla Oblongata?

Controls involuntary functions (breathing, heart rate)

Where is the Medulla Oblongata located in the brain?

At the base of the brainstem

What is the responsibility of the Brain Stem?

Connects brain to spinal cord Controls basic life functions

Where is the Brain Stem located in the brain?

At the base of the brain, below the cerebrum

What part of the brain is responsible for hearing?

Temporal Lobe

What part of the brain is responsible for motor and executive functioning?

Frontal Lobe

What part of the brain is responsible for involuntary processes?

Medulla Oblongata

What part of the brain is responsible for vision?

Occipital Lobe

What part of the brain is responsible for memory?

Hippocampus (part of the limbic system)

What is a response?

A reaction to a stimulus

What is a stimulus?

An event or object that provokes a reaction

What is a receptor?

A sensory organ that detects stimuli