Rad Protection Final

What are the two types of cosmic radiation?

Stars + Sun

What are radiation indcued cancers?

Linear, Non-Threshold

What adverse effect was seen in the 1986 Chernobyl incident?

Increases in Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents

What is the second leading cause of lung cancer?

Radon

Who was the first radiation death in the U.S?

Clarence Madison Dally

X-rays are what type of radiation?

Ionizing Radiation

What are the responsibilities of an employer?

Supply resources and implement and maintain radiation safety program

What is the responsibility of the radiologist or physician?

Do not order unnecessary exams

What is radioactivity measured in?

Becquerel

What is Diagnostic Efficiency?

Accuracy of the study to reveal injury

Where do you receive the lowest exposure to cosmic radiation?

Sea Level

What should the radon level in homes be?

Not exceeding 4 pico curies

What is the dose per individual regardless of exposure?

Effective Dose

What are the characteristics Ionizing Radiation?

High Frequency, High Energy, Short Wavelength

Who invented the Fluoroscope

Thomas Edison

Where are genetic effects seen?

Offspring and DNA damage

What type of Radiation is Gamma

Ionizing

Where is a somatic event seen?

In the individual and damage to cells

What is another term for occupational dose?

Equivalent Dose

What is the Absorbed Dose measured in?

Gray

What is BERT?

Compares the amount of radiation exposure from natural to x-ray

What percentage of your radiation exposure is from Natural Radiation

50%

Synonym for ALARA (ORP)

Optimization for Radiation Protection

What are the characteristics of an X-Ray compared to Visible Light

X-ray has more energy and a shorter Wave Length

List these radiation types wavelengths from Least to Highest Frequency:

• Gamma

• Radio

• Visible

Radio, Visible, Gamma

What are our Badges measured in?

Rem (sievert)

What is the tube output measured in?

Coulomb

What is not a Somatic Effect?

Excessive Mutations

What are Late Somatic effects ?

Cataracts and shorter life span

What causes Bone Marrow Failure

Aplastic Anemia

What is DAP?

Measure of the amount of radiant energy delivered to the patient’s body

What is the measure of the amount of energy that travels from the beam to the air?

Air Kerma

What is not a short term Somatic Effect

Red Blood Cells

What UV rays are considered non ionizing

Rays less that 10

Is barium found in rocks?

No

What is the law of Bergonie + Tribondeau

cells are more radiosensitive when they are immune and dying

What is the ICRP

Internatonal Commission on Radiation Protection

What guidelines do ALARA follow?

Linear, Non Threshold

What is Nonstochastic?

Cell Killing and directly related to dose received

What is the dose limit for localized areas (hands)

500 mSv

What does BEIR do?

Review effects of radiation mostly on atomic bomb survivors

What does the NRC control?

Non agreement states

What is the Patient Consumer Act of 1981?

Minimum standards of radiology

Who approved the RSO and facility?

NRC

What is the DEP (environment protection) also known as?

Bureau of Radiation Protection

Who controls Atomic Energy?

NRC

What is the NID?

When the report is dismissed because the level is low

Who enforces radiation standards?

NRC

What is the embryo level for whose gestational period?

5 mSv

What does Report 116 deal with?

employees dose limits

What is the dose limit for Students annually?

1 mSv

Who inspects mammography?

FDA

What has high sensitivity?

Red Bone marrow

Who is not responsible for enforcing standards?

NCRP

Who regulates prostate and thyroid seed implants?

NRC

What is the Public Annual dose?

1 mSv

What annual dose of the Eye

150 mSv

What are criteria for ICRP?

Provide clear and concise guidance and are the international authority

What did the ICRP lower the effective dose to?

20 mSv

What does Report 102 deal with?

lead requirements

What does Report 160 deal with?

review the 7x increase of exposure

What does the NCRP do?

Review ICRP and make recommendations to the US

What is the cumulative effective dose of a 26 year old?

260 mSv

What is Thallium 201?

nuc med for heart stress

What is CFR 21?

minimum source to skin guidelines for fluoro and mobile

What is a medium sensitive tissue example?

Fibroblast

What is not an early tissue reaction?

Organ Atrophy

Who regulated electronic products?

USFDA

What is deterministic?

more severe at higher levels of exposure

What are Stochastic effects?

Randomly Occuring

Where is the best place to stand when observing a fluoro?

Behind the Radiologist

What is a compensating filter used for?

Varying patient thickness

What is the minimum source to skin fluoro fixed?

15 inches

What protects against scatter?

Lead curtin

What absorbs energy of scatter?

Shielding

What protects gonadal area?

Bucky Slot

What is directly proportional?

Time

What is indirectly proportional?

Distance

What beam lighting device is used to telescope smaller areas?

Cone

What should the thickness be on a secondary barrier?

1/32

What gives the highest occupational dose?

Scatter

What is the lead amount of bucky slot cover?

0.25 mm

What automatically terminates?

AEC

What lead minimum for Apron?

0.5mm

Minimum source to skin Mobile?

12 inches

What is the total filtration required above 2.5 kVp

2.5mm AI

What produces electrons?

The mA

What is an example of an uncontrolled area?

waiting room

When does the cumulative timing go off in fluoro?

5 minutes

How far should the primary barrier extend?

7 feet

What is a flat lead small area?

aperture diaphragm

What is the filtration for mobile and fluoro?

2.5mm AI

What type of radiation emerges from the patient?

Scatter

Where is scatter the highest?

X-ray tube end

Who documents fluoro time?

RT in procedure

Criteria for primary barrier?

Perpendicular to primary beam that is 1/16 in. thick of lead

What collimator cleans for shutters?

Near

What are the types of filtration used in x-ray tube?

inherent and added

How much does the secondary barrier need to overlap the primary?

½ inch

What does not intercept primary?

Control Booth