Introduction to Criminology Lecture Review

Flashcards created for reviewing key concepts from the Introduction to Criminology lecture.

What is the origin of the word "criminology"?

The term criminology originated from the Latin word "crimen" meaning crime and the Greek word "logos" meaning to study.

Who invented the term "criminologia"?

Raffaele Garofalo, an Italian Law Professor, invented the term in 1885.

When was the term "criminology" first used in French?

The term "criminology" was first used in French by Paul Topinard in 1887.

How did Edwin H. Sutherland define criminology?

Sutherland defined criminology as the entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

According to RA 11131, what does criminology refer to?

It refers to the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims; it also deals with prevention and solution of crimes.

What is the objective of criminology?

To develop general and verified principles regarding law, crime, and treatment or prevention.

Which fields does criminology as a profession fall under?

Criminology is a field under social science and behavioral science.

What are the principal divisions or branches of criminology?

The three branches are Sociology of Law, Etiology of Crimes, and Penology.

What does Sociology of Law examine?

It examines the nature of criminal law and its administration.

What does Etiology of Crimes study?

It studies the scientific causes of crimes and criminal behavior.

What is Penology?

It is the study of control of delinquency and crime and the rehabilitation of lawbreakers.

According to George Wilker, can criminology be considered a science?

Wilker argues that criminology cannot turn into a science due to the lack of universal validity.

What was Edwin H. Sutherland's hope for the future of criminology?

Sutherland hoped that criminology would eventually become a science.

What is the main theory proposed by Edwin Sutherland?

Differential Association Theory, which states that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions.

What term did Sutherland coin to describe crimes committed by the upper class?

White Collar Crime.

What is the main focus of Sutherland's study of criminology?

To understand crime as a social phenomenon and the reasons why laws are violated.

What does the term "social science" imply in the context of criminology?

Criminology studies crime as a social problem impacting society.

How does criminology apply different scientific methods?

It utilizes methods from anthropology, psychology, and sociology to study crime.

How is criminology described as a nationalistic field?

It considers the laws, culture, and social norms of each country.

What indicates a dynamic nature in criminology?

Criminology adapts to changing societal conditions and advancements in other sciences.

What is the study of criminal demography?

It is the study of the relationship between population and criminality.

Define criminal epidemiology.

The study of the correlation between the environment and criminal behavior.

What does criminal ecology examine?

It studies law-breaking concerning spatial distribution in communities.

What does criminal physical anthropology focus on?

It focuses on the biological aspects of criminality.

What does criminal psychiatry study?

The relationship between the human mind and criminal behavior.

Define victimology.

The study of victims in the commission of crimes.

Why is understanding crime essential for society?

Because nearly everyone can potentially be a victim of crime.

What is the financial impact of crime?

Crime incurs enormous costs for detection, prosecution, and prevention.

What does it mean when crime is described as destructive?

It signifies loss of life and property due to criminal activities.

Define reflective crime.

It is crime that indicates the effectiveness of social defensive measures.

What does it mean when crime is progressive?

It refers to the continual increase in crime rates due to population growth.

What is Benjamin Mendelsohn known for?

He is recognized as the Father of Victimology.

What terminology did Mendelsohn introduce?

He introduced terms like "general victimology" and "penal couple".

How does the theory of victimology perceive the role of victims?

Victims often play a contributing role in crime commission.

What does the typology of victims classify?

It classifies victims based on characteristics such as age and gender.

List three general classes of victims identified by Hans Von Hentig.

1. Young; 2. Female; 3. Old.

What psychological types of victims are identified?

1. The Depressed; 2. The Greedy; 3. The Overly Sensual.

What characterizes the 'naive graspers' type of rapist?

Sexually inexperienced youth who misinterpret female responses.

What is active aggressive criminal behavior?

Impulsive actions driven by aggressive feelings during emotional moments.

What is a criminaloid according to Lombroso?

A person who commits crimes due to lack of self-control.

What are the primary thoughts of classical criminology?

Crime is a result of individuals choosing to commit offenses after weighing consequences.

Who is considered the father of classical criminology?

Cesare Beccaria.

What principle did Jeremy Bentham propose?

Utilitarianism, focusing on the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

How does rational choice theory explain criminal behavior?

Crime is a decision-making process where potential costs and benefits are weighed.

What role does situational crime play according to Routine Activity Theory?

Crime occurs when motivated offenders encounter suitable targets without capable guardians.

What is the purpose of the Neo-Classical School?

To modify the classical assumption of free will accounting for various influencing factors.

Define the Positivist School of Criminology.

It emphasizes scientific analysis and observable evidence over free will.

What is biosocial criminology?

It studies the interaction of genetic, biological, and environmental factors in criminal behavior.

What does criminological classification refer to?

Classifying offenses or offenders according to relatedness or similarity.

Define public order crimes.

Acts considered illegal because they conflict with social morality and accepted norms.

What are bias crimes?

Violent acts targeting individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or other group characteristics.

What are the methods of clearing crimes?

1) Arrest and prosecute; 2) Exception circumstances preventing arrest.

What are the conditions under which a person is defined as a criminal?

A person is defined as a criminal after a judicial determination of guilt.

What is the triad of crime?

The desire, opportunity, and capability to commit a crime.

What is the significance of criminological classifications of crimes?

They help understand different types of crime based on various criteria.

How are grave and less grave felonies defined?

Grave felonies carry capital punishments, while less grave felonies have correctional penalties.

What does the phrase 'let the punishment fit the crime' imply?

Punishments should be proportional to the severity of the crime committed.

What does the term 'acquisitive crime' encompass?

Crimes where the offender gains something, such as theft or bribery.

What is the most important lesson from Cesare Beccaria's ideas on punishment?

Punishment must be just, clear, and swift to deter crime effectively.

What is the main focus of pro-law enforcement administration?

Ensuring that laws are enforced fairly and justly.

What is the role of criminological research?

It investigates the causes of crime and evaluates crime policies.

What is emphasized in law enforcement administration?

The organization and management of police forces and related agencies.

Why is correctional administration significant?

It focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders and the prevention of recidivism.

How does criminal law and jurisprudence contribute to criminology?

It provides the legal frameworks and guidelines for defining crimes and punishments.

In the context of criminology, what does forensic sciences involve?

Utilizing scientific principles to investigate and analyze criminal cases.

What are the requirements to become a licensed criminologist in the Philippines?

Must pass the licensure exam, hold a degree in criminology, and comply with professional regulations.

What does RA 11131 do?

It regulates the practice of criminology profession in the Philippines.

What is the role of the Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists?

Overseeing the licensure and practice of criminologists.

What is AIPO in the context of criminology?

Accredited Professional Organization for criminologists in the Philippines.

What is meant by continuing professional development (CPD)?

Advancement of knowledge and skills post-licensure for professional practice.

What are the consequences for failing the board exam multiple times?

Candidates must undergo a refresher course after failing five times.

What steps must be taken for a deferred examinee?

They can retake subjects once within two years with specific passing criteria.