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Critical listening
Listening closely to music as it is, imagining other possibilities, determining what it means and why, and understanding that other listeners may come to a different conclusion.
Power
Ability to control people or events.
Hegemony
The dominance of one group over another, often supported by legitimating norms and ideas.
Intersectionality
Interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
Musical form
Large-scale musical structure; how music is broken down into sections.
Verse-chorus
Most common song form since the 1960s; predictable, flexible, can be individualized.
Verse
Tells the story.
Pre-chorus
Energy increases, tension builds.
Chorus
Repeated part, often catchy & high-energy.
Bridge
Something different, preparing us to return to chorus.
Melody
Most prominent/important line in a musical texture; consists of a memorable series of pitches performed over time.
Harmony
Combination of simultaneously sounding pitches; usually supports the melody.
Consonant
Pleasant, harmonious pitches.
Dissonant
Clashing pitches.
Chord
Two or more simultaneously sounding pitches.
Chord progression
Series of chords played one after the other.
Volume
The relative loudness of sound; measured in decibels.
Pitch/frequency
How often a sound wave repeats in a unit of time (high/low); measured in frequency-hertz or cents.
Timbre
Quality of sound that relates to production of overtones by a specific instrument, voice, or acoustic.
Texture
Density or thickness of music; how many layers a song has.
Beat
Basic unit of time in music; the regular pulse.
Tempo
Speed of the music.
Rhythm
Duration of musical notes and their organization.
Syncopation
When rhythms are offbeat (a type of rhythm); creates a tension or pull.
4/4 Rhythm
4 beats per measure; (common time).
3/4 or 6/8 Rhythm
3 beats per measure; (waltz time).
Subdivision
Putting notes in between beats to make the music sound like it's moving faster.
Score
Soundtrack with organized/composed musical and sonic elements guided by organizing stylistic and structural principles.
Diegetic Sound
Sound and music that originates in the world of the video; characters can hear the sound.
Non-Diegetic Sound/Soundtrack
Sound and music originating outside of the world of the video; characters cannot hear it, but audiences can.
Trans-Diegetic Sound
Passes from one plane of reality to another; diegetic → non-diegetic or non-diegetic → diegetic.
Meta-Diegetic Sound
Sound that can only be heard by one character and the audience.
