Jainism and Sikhism/ Daoism

What does Tirthankara mean

ford finder or one who crossess the ford

In Jainism, a spiritual leader who has found the crossing, or ford, to the farther shore.

What were important concepts

Are Gods and deities important in this religion?

karma and reincarnation

No

Who is Nanak

Nanak is a young hindu who when he rejoined his friends in the forest told them that there is no hindu or muslim and taught salvation through one God. He believed in reincarnation

Is jainism a minority religion in India

yes

Who was the last of the twenty four role models

Mahavira

Explain the Shvetamabaras

The Jains who follow the tradition that allows monks to wear clothes. They believe women can obtain release from life without being reborn as men.

Explain the Digamabaras

The Jains who believe that a true monk is “sky clad.” These monks think women cannot become liberated until they are reborn as men.

Why arent women nuns?

India accepts nudity for its holy men, but not holy women, so the Digambara practice prevents women from becoming nuns in their order.

Summarize the life of Mahavira

His mother had dreams before he was born predicting the greatness of her son. She dreamed that he was destined to be a monarch or a saint. Mahavira was conceived through an embryo transfer of a Brahmin couple. The king of Gods exchanged the embryo to Trishala. Mahavira renounced the world at age thirty. He became a sky clad and searched for enlightenment for 12 yrs. He finally experienced Nirvana.

What is ahimsa

The Sanskrit word that is translated as “nonviolence.” In Jainism, it is a reverence for all living things.

What does Jina mean

[JI-na], In Jainism a person who has conquered rebirth. Mahavira was a Jina.

What does Jain mean

follower of a Jina

What are the Jain scriptures

The Ahgamas

What do wise people do

Wise people accept full responsibility for their actions and destiny.

What is the absolute for Jains

The Jains think the universe is without beginning, so they do not believe in a creator god. They do believe their doctrines originate from an omniscient and omnipotent being. Their Jinas collectively are “the Jina

What is Jiva

In Jainism, the soul. The opposite is ajiva, body

What is the problem for Humans

The soul accumulates karma through a creature’s selfish desires; it loses karma by unselfish desires. Karma is the glue

What is the solution for Jains

Salvation comes through the soul’s active desire and labor for its own release. the soul begins a climb up fourteen steps of a ladder until at the top it achieves knowledge and freedom.

What is the important nonviolence concept of Jains

The extreme examples in Jainism are holy men who believe that care should be exercised to avoid taking life from any living thing. Water is strained to remove any creatures in it. Masks are worn to prevent breathing in insects. Paths are swept before taking a step, to avoid killing an insect. The only acceptable food is that which does not cost a life. To avoid eating all living creatures and cutting any vegetable, the most holy men survive only on fruits that have fallen naturally from trees

What are the community and ethics

Jain ethics begin with principles of reverence for soul and detachment from physical things. Every Jain is expected to revere life,

What are the rituals and symbols of Jains

Under the dome is a life-size statue of a nude man. Jains and their guests walk slowly around the statue a number of times.

What is the relationship to other religions

In spite of the absence of a creator deity in Jainism, it shares some beliefs with Hinduism. The law of karma; the existence of the soul, which is reincarnated; and the cycle of rebirths until moksha is earned are similar to Hinduism. The extremes of depriving the body of clothing and food are closer to Hinduism than to the Middle Path chosen by Buddha.

Who is Nanak

Nanak appeared as the first guru of the Sikhs. After receiving a revelation from God, he challenged the numerous gods and castes of Hinduism, the reverence for life in Jainism, and denial of the world in Buddhism. He denied also the Qu’ran, Nanak wandered in the forest and said Moreover, he uttered the shocking and puzzling statement, “There is no Hindu and no [Muslim].” However, Nanak did believe in the Hindu ideas of karma and samsara.

What is one of the teachings of Nanak

Through their love, humans are either drawn to God or separated from him. By their wills, humans control their lives.How do humans know God? The Word of God is his sound vibrating in creation. The Word is both the means of knowing God and a path leading to him.God’s grace comes to assist them on their path.

What is the focus of sikhism

The focus of Sikhism is God, who exists in the human heart

Who was the tenth and last guru after nanak

The tenth and last human guru was Gobind Rai (1666–1708), better known as Gobind Singh (Lion).

What is the Adi Granth

The scripture of the Sikhs. Hymns by the Sikh gurus are recorded in the Adi Granth.

What did the Adi Granth as Guru do?

e Adi Granth as their guru. He also abolished all caste distinctions among Sikhs and directed them to avoid other Hindu practices of worship. A Muslim assassin stabbed him, and despite efforts by the emperor’s surgeons to save him, he died several days later.

How are sikh men identified

Many Sikh men are readily identified by their turban, or dastar, and the Khalsa order continues to wear all the five Ks associated with the five men baptized by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. Yet these distinctive symbols

What do army men of sikh religion wear

when necessary, a smaller turban under a helmet.

Who is the absolute of the Sikh religion

The Sikh understanding of God is based on direct experience of a personal God in the human heart.

What do most humans love

most humans love physical possessions rather than God.

What is the problem for humans

Karma affects the lives of all people, but God can forgive even the worst sinners. One who turns toward God can be forgiven. The unaided individual cannot succeed. Seeing or hearing the guru is insufficient.

What is the solution for humans of the sikh religion

The human soul can choose to love itself rather than God. Absorbed in self-centeredness, the soul is alienated from God. This alienation is exhibited in sin, immorality, and refusal to help others. By seeking to turn outward to God and to others, the soul overcomes the self-centeredness that alienates it from God.humans who have found union with God.

What is the community and ethics

Sikhs have an affirmative attitude toward creation. The world is good and to be enjoyed. Although they can eat meat as well as vegetables, they do not use tobacco, which many other peoples also regard as harmful to the body. The human body is good

What are the ritual and symbols

The Golden Temple at Amritsar houses the object of veneration of all Sikhs

notes for jainism explained by cortigo

What chinese teacher is ever seeking the centers of political power, impresses us as a wise man of the world.

Confucius

What would be the difference between the two Laozi and Confucius

Laozi preferred nature, and Confucius preferred society.

How are ancestors incorporated into Chinese and Japanese religions

religions of China emphasize reverence for lands and ancestors. Instead of numerous deities, as Hindus honor, Chinese and Japanese religions honor millions of ancestors with vital relationships to their descendants on earth.

Contrast the religions of India and the religions of China

Among religions of India, harmony is to be found beyond this life, after one escapes from samsara. In religions of China and Japan, harmony with nature, families, neighbors, and ancestors can be realized in this life, on Earth.

Apply salvation to religions of India, China, and Japan

In India, salvation is primarily for the individual, for karma is in the sheath of the soul or in the skandhas that affect future lives. In China and Japan, salvation of persons involves families, communities, and a state or nation. The concept of an isolated, individual person is more common in the West than in China and Japan.

What is Yin and Yang and describe it

Heaven is Yang (In China, the male side of the Dao. It is exemplified in bright, warm, and dry conditions. Its opposite is Yin, the female side of the Dao.)

Earth is Yin (In China, the female side of the Dao. It is exemplified in dark, cool, and moist conditions. Its opposite is Yang, the male side of the Dao.)

Heaven, which is Yang, contains living ancestors who are both Yang and Yin. Earth, Yin, is inhabited by males (Yang) and females (Yin) who will one day become ancestors in heaven,

What is Dao

The way of the universe

Is the concept of Dao philosophy or religion

it is both

What is Yijing (IChing)

An ancient book of China that assists people in deciding how to plan their lives in accord with the forces of the universe. The Yijing influenced both Daoism and Confucianism.

What is Dao de Jing (Tao te ching)

[dow-du-JING] The Way and Its Power. A book attributed to Laozi, founder of Daoism.

What is Laozi

The sage of China believed to have been the author of the Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching). He is regarded as the founder of Daoism.

What does Dao de Jing focus on?

The Dao De Jing focuses on the harmony of opposites within the peaceful flow of the Dao. Beneath phenomenal changes of the natural order, there is a relentless flow, or way, which is neither entirely visible nor open to full knowledge. Nevertheless, it influences the process of the changes that can be observed. The way of the Dao includes a peaceful harmony of opposites.

What does the Dao de Jing argue

Daoist philosophy renounces many of society’s expectations. In summary, the Dao De Jing argues that the natural course of things is the best; left undisturbed, the natural course leads to harmony and perfection. Artificial structures among persons or in societies eventually bring discord.

Why is Daoism considered more of an intellectual exercise

Although Daoism is more than a philosophy, an intellectual exercise, it lacks some of the features often associated with a religion. No formal worship or prayer is necessary, for communication is limited between a human and an impersonal force (or perhaps a force that far transcends the limits of persons). Laozi sometimes refers to the Dao as the “Mother” of all living things. Daoism requires the response of a whole person. Contemplation and meditation in a quiet way of life are most helpful in intuiting the way of the Dao.

What is wuwei

[WOO-WAY] The Daoist principle of accomplishing tasks without assertion. Individuals in harmony with the flow of the Dao can accomplish more than individuals who assert themselves.

a lifestyle that emphasizes quietism and avoids aggression

Who is the absolute of Daoism

The Dao is impersonal, an invisible way that the universe follows, a harmony of tensions between opposites. This powerful force is indifferent to human desires

What is the problem for Humans

The problem for humans is their disharmony with the universe.

What is the solution for humans

Humans solve their problem by returning to a simple life. Living in harmony with nature, either in a forest or in a small village,

What is the community and ethics

Trying to do good leads only to trouble. Live and let live is the best guide to conduct.