Hospital Pharmacy (INTRO)

Introduction to Hospital Pharmacy (PHARM 31)

____ is an institution that provide patient services, diagnostic and therapeutic, for particular or general medical conditions

Hospital

What is the 4 Basic Elements of Survival in Human Existence?

\

1. Food (including *water*)
2. Clothing
3. Shelter
4. Health (***Hospital***)

The Greek God of Medicine

Temple of Aesculapius

____ B.C. Temple of Aesculapius

1134 B.C.

A ___ temple located at Kos, Greece. Where Hippocrates practiced.

Greek Temples

The Father of Medicine

Hippocrates

6’th century B.C

Indian and Egyptian cultures

1134 B.C.

Greek Temples

The evolution of the hospital is related to __ and _______ with ____

The evolution of the hospital is related to **SOCIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT** and **ASSOCIATED** with **DIVINE POWERS**

Hospital is an institution that provide patient services, ____ and ______ , for particular or general medical conditions.

**Diagnostic** and **Therapeutic**

____ diagnosis of certain disease

Diagnostic

____ treatment or healing the certain disease

Therapeutic

____ associated with the relationship of the society in their surroundings.

Sociological Development

____ born with a divine father **Apollo**; god of healing and Coronis a mortal mother. He is a demigod.

Asclepius

Asclepius Temple

Every night for thousands of years ( __ B.C. to __ A.D.)

(**500** B.C. – **500** A.D.)

Every night for thousands of years (500 B.C. – 500 A.D.), sick and afflicted pilgrims flocked to the _____.

Grecian Temples of Asclepius

______ and ___ were sought during dream visitations by the ancient god of medicine

**Healing** and **Advice**

Both __ and __ regarded disease as a curse inflicted by supernatural powers and rather sought to propitiate the malevolent deity than to organize the work of relief.

**Greek** and **Romans**

Both Greeks and Romans regarded disease as a curse inflicted by _____ and rather sought to propitiate the malevolent deity than to organize the work of relief

Supernatural powers

__ had a temple on the island in the Tiber (291 B.C.), where now stand the church and monastery of St. Bartholomew, in which the same rites were observed as among the Greeks

Æsculapius

Æsculapius had a temple on the island in the Tiber (291 B.C.), where now stand the _______ and ___________, in which the same rites were observed as among the Greeks.

**Church** and **Monastery of St. Bartholomew**

A Temple on the Island of Tiber

Basilica of St. Bartholomew

____ were appointed to treat various classes of citizens, and these practitioners usually enjoyed special privileges and immunities.

Municipal physicians

What Hospital that Men and women were admitted to different wards, and no attention was paid to religion or race. No one was turned away and there was no limit to how long patients could stay?

Egyptian Hospital

In __, the Buddhist King Azoka (252 B. C.) established a hospital for men and animals.

India

In India, the Buddhist ___ (252 B. C.) established a hospital for men and animals.

King Azoka

In India, the Buddhist King Azoka (___B. C.) established a hospital for men and animals.

252 B.C.

____ brought to heal various forms of the disease

Christ

Christ brought to heal various forms of the disease

Early Christian Times

Enumerate 4 Christ brought to heal various forms of the disease

Jesus, made the blind man see.

Jesus restoring life to a little girl.

Healing various forms of disease including the most loathsome, leprosy

Jesus Heals a Lame Man

____ Himself gave His followers the example of caring for the sick by the numerous miracles

Christ

He brought to heal various forms of disease including the most loathsome, ______.

Leprosy

He also charged His Apostles in explicit terms to heal the sick __ and promised to those who should believe in Him that they would have power over disease ____.

Heal the sick (Luke 10:9)

Power over disease (Mark 16:18)

Among the "*many wonders and signs done by the Apostles in Jerusalem*" was the _____,__ of the __ *,* and of the ___, besides the larger number whom the __.

Among the "*many wonders and signs done by the Apostles in Jerusalem*" was the **restoration of the lame man (Acts 3:2-8)**, of the **palsied Æneas (ix, 33, 34)**, and of the **cripple at Lystra (xiv, 7, 9)**, besides the larger number whom the **shadow of St. Peter delivered from their infirmities (v, 15, 16)**.

__ enumerates among the charismata the "grace of healing" (1 Corinthians 12:9)

St. Paul

1 Corinthians 12:9

Grace of Healing

___ admonishes the faithful in case of sickness to bring in the priests of the Church and let them **pray over the sick man** "*and the prayer of faith shall save him,*”

St. James (v, 14, 15)

St. James

The _____ was instituted not only for the spiritual benefit of the sick but also for the restoration of their bodily health.

Sacrament of Extreme Unction

___ Part of Sacrament

Anointing the Sick

____ Like the other works of Christian charity, the **care of the sick** was from the beginning a sacred duty for each of the faithful, but it devolved in a special way upon the bishops, presbyters, and deacons.

Mother Theresa

____ The same ministrations that brought relief to the poor naturally included **provision for the sick** who were visited in their homes.

Mother Theresa

Enumerate the 6 Biographical about Mother Theresa?

1. A teacher before a missionary
2. Resides in Calcutta, India
3. Child prostitution is the major issue in Calcutta (men thought a virgin could help them heal)
4. She is the living saint
5. Her charity is called Sisters of the Poor
6. The shape of her feet is distorted she’d pick the worst feet

____ Hospital Founded in Mexico City

1524 Hospital of Immaculate Conception

____ First hospital on the American continent built by the Spaniards

1524 Hospital of Immaculate Conception

Name change to Hospital of Jesus of Nazareth

1524 Hospital of Immaculate Conception

_______Hospital for the sick soldiers

1663 Manhattan Island Hospital

__ First hospital founded in the United States Established by Dr. Thomas Bond

1751 Pennsylvania Hospital

From 149 to approximately 5,800

1873 number of hospitals in the US doubled

Enumerate the Development and Expansion of Hospitals (*in order*)

1. Religious Influence
2. Military Influence
3. Flexner Report on Medical Education
4. Florence nightingale activities
5. Public Interests

The 3 RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE

1. Temples of the Greek
2. Roman Empire
3. The Doctrines of Jesus

___ (*temple of asclepius*) the god of medicine

Temples of the Greek

___ healing was associated with divine powers, while continued death was because of lack of purity

Roman Empire

___ intensified the emotions and virtues of love, pity and charity.

The Doctrines of Jesus

____ The battlefield wounded (soldiers) during the civil war of the roman empire, became a stimulus for the demand for surgical and medical progress.

Military Influence

___ during the time of President Lincoln; it focuses his attention on the inadequacy of hospital buildings as well as the lack of nursing care.

Military Influence

___ he commanded the catholic sisters to take care of the wounded soldier because hospital care was so poor

President Lincoln

____ is the most important event in the history of American and Canadian medical education.

Flexner’s Report on Medical Education

____ It was a commentary on the condition of medical education in the early 1900s and gave rise to modern medical education.

Flexner’s Report on Medical Education

___ the founder of modern nursing

Florence Nightingale

___ a nurse during the Crimean war

Florence Nightingale

___ she used to be called as “***a lady with the lamp***” after her habits of making rounds at night.

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale ___ serves as a basis for quality nursing care and for the development of the schools of nursing

She used to be called as “the lady with the lamp” because of her habits making rounds at night

___ through greater dependence and improved confidence in hospital care.

Public Interest

Enumerate the 4 Classification of Hospitals

1. Type of Service
2. Length of stay
3. Ownership
4. Bed capacity

Enumerate the 2 Type of Service

1. General Type
2. Special Type

What Type of Service is the best-known type of hospital, which is set up to deal with many kinds of disease and injury?

General Type

What Type of Service It has an emergency department to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health?

General Type

What Type of Service is SUMC?

General Type

What Type of Service that includes trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric problems (see psychiatric hospital), certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic problems, and so forth?

Special Type

___ For the treatment and management of cardiovascular conditions.

Philippine Heart Center (PHC)

____ healthcare providers for nephrology, urology and transplant medicine.

National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) & ST. Lukes Medical Center

____ It has done organ transplants of the liver, pancreas, and bone marrow. It is the first in Asia to perform double transplant operations of both liver and kidney, as well as pancreas and kidney

National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) & ST. Lukes Medical Center

What Type of Service is Philippine Heart Center (PHC)?

Special Type

What Type of Service is National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) & ST. Lukes Medical Center?

Special Type

What Type of Service is Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP)?

Special Type

___ specializes in the treatment of lung cancer and pulmonary diseases.

Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP)

___ It also offers executive check- ups and physical therapy for post-stroke patients and those with musculo-skeletal disorders.

Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP)

Enumerate the 2 Length of Stay

1. Short Term
2. Long Term

___ The average length of stay of patient is less than 30 days

Short Term

What Length of Stay?

___ Patients with acute disease conditions and emergency needs.

Short Term

What Length of Stay?

___ Acutely ill patients usually recover in less than 30 days.

Short Term

___ Average length of stay of the patient is 30 days or longer

Long Term

What Length of Stay?

___ Such patients have long-term illnesses, such as psychiatric conditions.

Long Term

Enumerate the 2 Ownership

1. Governmental
2. Non-Governmental

What ownership?

__ Veterans Hospital Armed Forces City Hospitals

Governmental

What ownership?

__ Church Related or Operated Community Hospitals

Non-Governmental

___ Owned and operated by federal branches of the government.

Governmental

What ownership is City Hospitals?

Governmental

What ownership is General Hospital?

Governmental

___ owned, financed and controlled by the city government.

City Hospitals

___ Hospital caring for the indigent.

General Hospitals

What ownership is Church?

Non-Governmental

What ownership is Community Hospitals?

Non-Governmental

___ SUMC, Visayan Community Medical Center, Cardinal Rosales, Holy Child Hospital (Diocese of Dumaguete)

Church Hospital

____ private owned, non-profit. Operated by the community but with no relation to the local government. The fees from patients are financed by the community and surrounding area.

Community Hospitals

___ determines the number of staff hired for that hospital. ***The greater the number, the more staff hired****.*

Bed Capacity

___ Traditionally, the hospital’s basic purpose for existence has been the treatment and care of the sick and injured.

Functions

Enumerate the 4 Fundamental Functions:

1. Patient Care
2. Education
3. Research
4. Public Health

What Functions?

____ Involves diagnosis, treatment, preventive and rehabilitation?

Patient Care

Enumerate the 2 Types of Patient Care

1. Emergency care
2. Outpatient care