uts reviewer (midterm)

Kong Zhongni

Confucius the name for which China was known in the west

Kong Zhongni

Confucius came to be known as 'Master Kong' and as 'Great Sage and Teacher'

Kong Zhongni

He grew up poor even though he descended from a scholarly family

Kong Zhongni

His experiences in politics made him focus on social reforms

Kong Zhongni

He considers society and its communities as the main source of values of both human beings and the society in general

Kong Zhongni

His philosophy came to be known as the humanistic social philosophy

Zhou dynasty

Kong Zhongni was born in the period of the

Confucianism

This term refers to a code of ethical conduct on how people should properly act according to their relationship with other people. Thus, it also focuses on how to have a harmonious social life

Confucianism

Therefore, the identity and self-concept of the individual is interwoven with the identity and status of his community or culture, sharing its pride as well as its failures

Ren

The center of the philosophical concept of the Confucianism

Ren

It can also be understood as human goodness. It involves feeling and thinking which serve as the foundation of all human relationships

Ren

Signifies the Chinese culture's emphasis on feelings (heart) as more important instead of the head, in human nature

Li (Propriety)

In order to guide human actions, rules of propriety should be followed

Li (Propriety)

Such rules involve adherence to the rituals of the community

Li (Propriety)

In connection with the Li, Confucius stated "To master oneself and return to propriety is humanity"

Xiao (Filiality)

The virtue of reverence and respect for family. Parents should be revered for the life they had given

Xiao (Filiality)

Children should show respect to their parents by exerting effort to take care of themselves

Xiao (Filiality)

The family is a reflection of the person. How the person interacts socially and the values he emulates can all be traced back to his family environment. This forms the bases of the person's moral and social virtue

Yi (Rightness)

The right way of behaving. It is unconditional and absolute

Yi (Rightness)

Actions must be performed and carried out because they are the right actions

Yi (Rightness)

Obedience to parents, for instance is expected of children because it is morally right and obligatory to do so

Yi (Rightness)

Confucius emphasized that actions should be performed because they are right and not for selfish benefits that they provide

Taoism

(Also called Daoism) is a religion and a philosophy from ancient China that has influenced folk and national belief

Taoism

has been connected to the philosopher Lao Tzu, who around 500 B.C.E wrote the main book of Taoism, the Tao Te Ching

Taoism

holds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe.

only state clues of what it is as they adapt (TAOISM)

free-flowing, relative, unitary, and paradoxica

Taoism

It rejects the hierarchy and strictness brought by Confucianism and would prefer a simple lifestyle. Thus, its teaching aim to describe how to attain that kind of life

Yin-Yang

Is the most important of all Taoist symbols, represents the movement of heaven or the Tao.

Fu-Shi

The creator of pakua. One of the Chinese cultural heroes

Pakua

Is the eight trigrams that constitutes the inner structure of the sixty-four hexagrams of I-CHING. This symbol created by Fu-hsi

Dragon

Is one of the Yang symbols, represents the power, sage or saint

Buddhism

one of the world's largest religions.

Buddhism

It originated in India in 563-483 B.C.E with Siddhartha Gautama, and over the next millennia it spread across Asia and the rest of the world

Buddhism

believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment (nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever

Buddhism

They do not believe in any kind of deity or god, although there are supernatural figures who can help or hinder people on path towards enlightenment

Siddhartha Gautama

the first person to reach this state of enlightenment and was, and is still today, known as the Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama

Was an Indian prince in the 5th century B.C.E who upon seeing people poor and dying realized that human life is suffering.

Siddhartha Gautama

He renounced his wealth and spent time as a poor beggar meditating and traveling. But ultimately, remaining unsatisfied, he settled on something called "the middle way"

Covar

Pilipinolohiya by

Salazar

Pantayong Pananw by

Enriquez

Sikolohiyang Pilipino by

Academic Self

Influenced by the learning process and the individual's emotions, behavior and experiences during the learning process

Non-Academic Self

Shaped by an individual's social self, emotional self, and physical self

social self

greatly influenced by parents, colleagues, friends, and acquaintances among others

emotional self

the person's experiences of joy, anger, fear, anxiety, and other emotions

physical self

affected by involvement in sports, exercise, and other activities that enhance the physical body

Physical Self

the amazing vessel, complex, woven and knitted, finely tuned creature in which we interact with our environment and fellow beings.

Physical Self

The concrete dimension, the tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined. It is composed of systems that receive and respond to various external and internal stimuli

Sigmund Freud

Concept of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience. He stated that ego is first and foremost a body ego

Wilhelm Reich

emphasized the unity of the mind and body

Wilhelm Reich

The body is central to all dynamic psychological functioning

Wilhelm Reich

It plays a very important role in storing and channeling the bioenergy, which is considered as the basis of human existence and experience

Erik Erikson

considered experience as firmly associated on the ground-plan of the body

Erik Erikson

He stated that organs of the body are essential during the early developmental stages of a person

Erik Erikson

The formation and development of the physical and intellectual skills greatly influence the ability of the individual to choose his role in the society and be fulfilled

Physical Health

directly correlated to the competence of children

Healthy Children

are more competent and therefore, will become more capable of acquiring complex skills than children who are undernourished and sickly

Erik Erikson

He also highlighted the incessant interplay of the body, psychological processes, and social forces

Abraham Maslow

provided the hierarchy of needs about our physical bodies

Abraham Maslow

Once the physiological needs are met, the person becomes dedicated in attaining the higher-order needs. That is why he emphasized that we give due attention to all the needs of the body

Abraham Maslow

A well-nourished, loved, respected individual experiences fulfillment

Abraham Maslow

On the other hand, deliberate, self-denial and rejection of the body's basic needs will result to an inactive, crippled organism

Introspection and Self-Reflection

the process by which one observes and examines one's internal state (mental and emotional) after behaving in a certain way

Self-Perception Theory

explains that since one's internal state is difficult to interpret, people can infer their inner states by observing their own behavior

Self-Concept

Is a cognitive representation of self-knowledge which includes the sum total of all beliefs that people have about themselves

Self-Concept

a collection of all individual experiences involving one's characteristics, social roles, values, goals, and fears. Thus, it pertains to all characteristics the person enumerates when asked to describe who he is

Physical Self-Concept

the individual's perception or description of his physical self, including his physical appearance

Personal Identity

The concept of a person has about himself that develops over the years including aspects of his life that he was born into like family, nationality, gender, physical traits, the choices he makes

Attachment Process and Social Appraisal

people learn about their value and lovability when they experience how their mothers or caregivers care for them and respond to their needs

Attachment Process and Social Appraisal

Caregiving that is consistent and that appropriately responds to the infant’s needs promotes positive self-concept; whereas caregiving that is neglectful and unresponsive creates a negative self-concept.

Attachment Process and Social Appraisal

The person ends up believing that he is not worthy and that others cannot be trusted. This is developed prior to achieving self-awareness

Maintaining, Regulating and Expanding the Self in Interpersonal Relationships

The sense of self is continuously shaped through ongoing interaction with others or with significant relationship partners.

Maintaining, Regulating and Expanding the Self in Interpersonal Relationships

They act as “private audiences” with whom people carry an internal dialogue. Oftentimes, however, people are not aware that they are being influenced by these private audiences

The Looking Glass Self Theory

The view of oneself comes from a compilation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive the individual.

The Looking Glass Self Theory

the self-image is shaped and reflected from the social world. Other people’s reaction would serve as a mirror in which people see

The Looking Glass Self Theory

Other people’s reaction would serve as a mirror in which people see themselves particularly the way in which they are perceived and judged by others. Later in life, people internalize other people’s appraisal of them through more cognitively reflected processes.

Reflected Appraisal

are inferences regarding other’s appraisal of a person

Social Comparison

A process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and opinions

Upward Social Comparison

Happens when an individual compares himself to others who are better than him

Downward Social Comparison

Happens when an individual compares himself to someone who is in a worse situation than he is especially when he is feeling so low

Social Identity Theory (Collective)

it provides a framework about how people achieve understanding about themselves by being a member of their group. People need positive social identity. This is why they connect to a wider social network

Social Identity Theory (Collective)

This idea assumes that as a member of their group, they will not be discriminated against by an out-group. Membership in the group enhances their self-esteem because they feel secure with the shield of the group membership where they belong

Self-Care

the intentional, planned, and actual act of taking
the time to attend to our basic physical, mental, and emotional

Physical Self

Individuals have their own ways of taking care of their body depending on the specific need and preferences.

Mental Self Care

Our thoughts can be confusing and complex sometime

Mental self-care is a two-fold process, according to Brzosko

1st Step - Taking time to consistently break down what you are thinking and why you are thinking that
2nd Step - To cultivate those mental habits and thoughts that benefit us

Michael Brown

stated that all emotions are essentially “energy in motion”.

Sexual Self

Research says that the sex chromosomes of human define their sex and their secondary characteristics. From childhood, we are controlled by our genetic makeup. It influences the way we treat ourselves and others.

Sexual Selfhood

Defined as how one thinks about himself or herself as a sexual individual

Human Sexuality

A topic that, just like beauty, is culturally diverse.

Human Sexuality

It is defined as the ways in which people experiences and express themselves as sexual being, as expected by their own society.

Human Sexuality

reflects biological capabilities, psychological characteristics, and social and cultural differences

Sexual Behavior

shaped by attitudes, cultural traditions and beliefs.

Puberty

It is the transition from childhood to adulthood or the sexual organ develop making the body apt to procreation

Erogenous Zones

Areas of the body that are particularly responsive to tactile pleasurable parts. Erogenous zones maybe primary erogenous zones and secondary erogenous zones

Primary Erogenous Zone

Pertain to areas that contains thick concentration of nerve ending

Secondary Erogenous Zone

Include all other regions of the body

Sex

Refers to the physical or physiological difference between male and female, including both the primary sex characteristics, and secondary characteristics

Gender

it refers to social or cultural roles played by a male or female in the society

Gender Identity

is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine