DNA Structure, Replication, and RNA

name three parts of DNA that make up a nucleotide

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

what type of bond is formed between nitrogenous bases of DNA?

hydrogen bonds

what is the monomer of DNA?

nucleotide

what is the function of DNA polymerase?

adds complementary nitrogenous bases to the leading and lagging strand

what is the end result of DNA replication?

two identical DNA molecules

a chain of amino acids folds into....

a 3D protein

what shape is a DNA molecule?

double helix or twisted ladder

Watson and Crick with the help of Martha Chase, used x-ray diffraction to determine what about DNA?

its structure

the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA helix

helicase

what is the function of primase?

tell DNA polymerase where to start adding bases

list three differences between DNA and RNA

DNA is double stranded, has deoxyribose, and thymine instead of uracil

genes are located on what molecule?

DNA strand

which enzyme unravels the DNA molecule so that the DNA can be copied or replicated?

helicase

what two components make up the sides or backbone of the double helix?

sugar deoxyribose and phosphate group

true or false: thymine is found in RNA

false

if DNA sequence reads ATC, what would the complimentary strand of DNA read?

TAG

which enzyme fuses Okazaki fragments that occur as a result of replicating the lagging strand?

ligase

what constitutes the leading strand during DNA replication?

if the strand is copied toward the replication fork, it is considered the leading strand

name three differences of RNA and DNA

RNA contains the base U(uracil), different sugar, RNA leaves nucleus, RNA is single stranded

what strand is replicated in the same direction as helicase?

leading strand

describe semi-conservative

the new strands of DNA after replication contain 1/2 original DNA and 1/2 new DNA

why is it a benefit to have DNA bases connected by a weak hydrogen base

the bases are easily separated by helicase

what molecule does DNA polymerase produce?

DNA

how is DNA and RNA similar?

both are genetic material, contain A/C/G bases, contain phosphate, are found in the nucleus

what makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

nitrogen bases

what constitutes the lagging strand during DNA replication?

if the strand is copied away from the replication fork, it is considered the lagging strand

Chargaff noticed that in every DNA sample there was always the same amount of adenines and thymines as well as the same amount of guanines and cytosines. what was his conclusion?

A and T pair and C and G pair

what are the 3 parts of nucelotide?

sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

the lagging strand is formed by "pieces" of DNA is called

Okazaki Fragments