C5

Coping

 the process by which people manage the perceived discrepancy between demands and the resources they appraise during a stressful situation

types of coping

• emotional-focused

• problem focused

• relationship-focused

emotional-focused

controlling emotional responses to a stressful situation… uses behavioral, cognitive and defense approaches

problem-focused

aimed at reducing the demands of a stressful situation or expanding resources to deal with it

relationship-focused

uses emotional and problem focused coping strategies to manage or maintain relationships during stressful times… dyadic

dyadic coping

when partners recognize their interdependence when dealing with a shared stressor

methods to reduce stress potential

enhance social support, manage interpersonal problems, improve personal control, organization, preparing for stressful events, exercise

ways physicians treat physiological arousal and anxiety

• benzodiazepines(enhance GABA binding in CNS)

• Beta-blockers(block binding effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the PNS)

Problem solving training

learning to identify, cover or invent effective ways to address life problems

stress-inoculation training

an approach that use various tools to teach people to alleviate stress… learning about stress, creating coping skills and using coping skills

popular coping strategies

• engaging positive emotions

• finding benefits or meaning

• engaging in emotional approach

• accommodating a stressor

progressive muscle relaxation(pmr)

when people focus on relaxing and tightening specific muscles to reduce stress levels. mostly used on adults but can be applied to kids+ a quick version can be used

Ways to manage stress

1. relaxation

2. systematic desensitization

3. biofeedback

4. modelling

5. cognitive restructuring

6. massage

7. mediation

8. hypnosis

relaxation

uses pmr to focus attention to specific muscles to relieve stress

systematic desensitization

uses the idea that fear is learned via classical conditioning to counter condition fear response to become calming responses and uses a hierarchy to start with less stressful tasks

biofeedback

an electromechanical device monitors a persons physiological responses

modeling

a form of social obersvational learning where someone learns to produce behavior exhibited by a model(Bandura’s Bobo doll study)

Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll study

showed children who saw an adult attack a doll were more likely to attack the doll when compared to those who saw no aggressive model or no model at all

cognitive restructuring

when stress provoking thoughts are replaced with constructive thoughts

massage

used to reduce depression, anxiety, blood pressure and stress hormone levels while improving immune function

mediation

a relaxation practice characterized by a state of tranquility which can reduce blood pressure and cortisol while enhancing immune function

hypnosis

deep state of relaxation that may reduce stress and pain

ways to modify type a behavior

PMR, cognitive restructuring, and stress inoculation