11.7 Prosperity & Depression

What were the main cultural changes of the “Roaring Twenties”?

Changing woman’s roles and self expression, clash between modern and traditional values, impact of Prohibition, changes in immigration policy (Quota Acts)

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural, artistic, and literary movement that: Celebrated African American culture, Produced significant literary and artistic contributions, impacted national culture, represented African American self - expression, and featured artists and writers like Langston Hughes

Who was Marcus Garvey and what did he represent?

Leader of Black Nationalism movement, promoted racial pride, founded Universal Negro Improvement Association, Advocated for African American economic independence, Supported “Back to Africa” movement

What caused the economic prosperity of the 1920s?

New mass production techniques, growth of consumer goods industry, widespread use of credit, rising stock market, new technologies (automobiles, radios), advertising and marketing growth

What were the underlying weaknesses that led to the 1929 Stock Market Crash?

Over speculation in stocks, uneven distribution of wealth, over production of goods, high consumer debt, weak banking system, agricultural sector depression

How did Herbert Hoover’s response to the Great Depression different from FDR’s?

Hoover: Believed in voluntary action, limited government intervention, relied on “rugged individualism”

FDR: Supported direct government intervention, created numerous federal programs, implemented the New Deal

What was the Dust Bowl and it’s effects?

Environmental disaster in Great Plains, Caused by drought and poor farming practices, Led to massive migration of farmers, Worsened the Great Depression, Created “Okies” and other displaced populations

What were the key programs of the New Deal?

Banking reforms (FDIC), Social Security, Works Progress Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

What was FDR’s “Court packing” plan?

Attempt to add justices to Supreme Court, Response to Court striking down New Deal programs, Represented expansion of federal power, Failed but led to Court becoming more supportive of New Deal, and created constitutional challenge

What were the main criticisms of the New Deal?

Too much government intervention, Didn’t end the Depression, too expensive,Expanded federal power too much, some programs declared unconstitutional, and created dependency on government

How did the role of the federal government change during the Great Depression?

Became more involved in economy, provided direct aid to citizens, regulated banking and stock market, created social safety net programs, expanded presidential power, and increased government spending