EXPH 2200 Final Exam

How many bones are in the ankle and foot?

26

How many large muscles are in the ankle and foot?

19

What is the tibia?

the shinbone, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg

what is the talus?

the ankle joint (the tibia and fibula make up the upper part)

What is the calcaneus?

the largest of the tarsal bones (at the back of the foot below the three bones that make up the ankle bone)

Where is the navicular bone?

between the talus and 3 cuneiform bones

Where is the cuboid?

between the calcaneus and 4th & 5th metatarsals

Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?

1. responsible for knee flexion

2. located in the posterior compartment of the thigh

3. consists of 3 separate muscles

4. provides static stability to the knee joint

provides static stability to the knee joint

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

1. gastrocnemius and soleus
2. peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus tertius
3. Tom, Dick, and Harry muscles
4. triceps fibularis

gastrocnemius and soleus

Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?

1. Gastrocnemius

2. Soleus

3. Tibialis anterior

4. Flexor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg?

1. Medial compartment

2. Anterior compartment

3. Lateral compartment

4. Superficial posterior compartment

Medial compartment

True/False

The tibia bears the majority of the bodyweight compared to the fibula. 

True

True/False

The fibula serves as an attachment for knee joint structures and does not articulate with the femur or the patella.

True

True/False

Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of the foot. 

False

True/False

Maintaining excessive hip flexion may limit your ability to accomplish full knee extension. 

True

True/False

During walking there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground. 

False

True/False

Keeping a heavy weight close to the body while lifting helps protect the lumbar spine from undue stress. 

True

True/False

The peroneus tertius is absent in about 5-17% of the population.

True

True/False

A varus force on the knee is resisted by the MCL.

False

True/False

The spine accommodates compression forces much better than tensile forces.

True

Muscles with pennate fibers are designed for _____ while muscles with parallel fibers are designed for _______.

1. flexibility, range of motion

2. force, range of motion

3. range of motion, force

force, range of motion

when the biceps muscle group concentrically contracts, a dislocating force occurs at the joint when the angle of force application is _____.

1. exactly 90 degrees

2. less than 90 degrees

3. greater than 90 degrees

greater than 90 degrees

bone is 5-10% non-mineralized tissues, while ____________ is 30-90% non mineralized tissue. 

1. cortical/trabecular

2. calcium/collagen

3. trabecular/cancellous

cortical/trabecular

a bending stress on a bone is a combination of:

1. tensile/shear

2. shear/compression

3. tensile/compression

4. compression/torsion

tensile/compression

Wolff's Law of bone adaptation states that stress can alter bone formation and/or remodeling. List the exercise activities from the lowest stress to the highest stress on the bone structure:

1. swimming, cycle, jogging

2. jogging, cycle, swimming

3. walking, elliptical, jogging

swimming, cycle, jogging

synovial joints supply nutrients and remove waste by: 

1. compression/decompression of the joint

2. very efficient blood supply

3. numerous neural innervations

compression/decompression of the joint

the anterior and posterior fibers of the deltoid working together to perform shoulder abduction is an example of ___________.

1. true synergists

2. helping synergists

3. neutralizers

4. force couples

An activated Golgi Tendon Organ causes a muscle to __________________ while an activated Muscle Spindle will cause a muscle to ___________. 

1. relax/contract

2. eccentric/concentric

3. EPSP/IPSP

4. excitation response/ inhibitory response

relax/contract

When the wrist is fully flexed, you cannot make a tight fist. This is a result of_____________. 

1. active insufficiency

2. passive insufficiency

3. reciprocal inhibition

4. positive feedback

active insufficiency

the only uniarticular knee flexor is the _____________.

1. popliteus

2. Biceps femoris (long head)

3. semimembranosus

4. vastus intermedius

popliteus

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint? 

1. decreases stability

2. forms cushions between bones

3. attached to tibia

4. deepens tibial fossa

decreases stability

What are the knee bones?

Tibia, Femur and Patella

What are the knee ligaments?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

What are the knee menisci?

Medial meniscus

Lateral meniscus

What are the knee muscles?

Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius)

Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

Popliteus

What are the movements of the knee?

Flexion and extension

Rotation

What are common injuries of the knee?

ACL Tear

Meniscus tears

Patellar dislocation

What are the joints of the ankle and foot?

Talocrural (Ankle) joint

Subtalar joint

What are the ligaments of the ankle and foot?

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)

What are the muscles of the ankle and foot?

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Tibialis anterior

Peroneus longus and brevis

What is the role of the ACL in the knee?

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a critical ligament in the knee joint that plays a key role in providing stability and controlling the movements of the knee

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?

1. forms cushions between bones

2. attached to tibia

3. deepens tibial fossa

4. decreases stability

decreases stability

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

1. gastrocnemius and soleus

2. peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneus tertius

3. Tom, Dick, and Harry muscles

4. triceps fibularis

gastrocnemius and soleus

Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?

1. Gastrocnemius

2. Soleus

3. Tibialis anterior

4. Flexor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius

which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg? 

1. medial compartment

2. anterior compartment

3. lateral compartment

4. superficial posterior compartment 

medial compartment

in athletics, injury to the _________ occurs more commonly in females than males.

1. anterior cruciate ligament

2. lateral collateral ligament

3. medial collateral ligament

4. posterior cruciate ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

bone is strongest in resisting______________.

1. tensile stress

2. shear stress

3. compression stress

4. bone is equally strong in resisting all types of stress

compression stress