Electron Transport Chain (Other Sources of NADH and FADH2)

How can we use NADH from glycolysis to put it into the ETC?

OAA reacts with MDH and gets converted into Malate

Malate enters the mitochondria

NAD+ reacts with the Malate turning into NADH which is utilized in complex I

Malate gets converted back into OAA

Describe the Malate Aspartate Shuttle.

OAA reacts with Glutamate which turns into Aspartate

The Aspartate goes into the cytoplasm

The Aspartate reacts with a-ketoglutarate which turns into Glutamate

Aspartate turns into OAA which gets cycled

Describe the Glycerol-3-p shuttle.

NADH reacts with DHAP which turns into NAD+

DHAP gets turned into Glycerol-3-p

Glycerol-3-p enters the mitochondria and reacts with Glycerol-3-p DH

FAD gets converted into FADH2 which gets utilized in complex II

Glycerol-3-p gets converted back into DHAP

Describe the Fatty-acid-coa shuttle

Fatty-acid-coa reacts with Acyl-CoA DH

FAD gets converted into FADH2 which gets utilized in complex II

Fatty-acid-CoA gets converted into Enoyl-CoA