TCW FINALS (copy)

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/27

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Module 11-12

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

28 Terms

1
New cards

Thomas Robert Malthus

  • was interested in everything about populations.

  • He accumulated figures on births, deaths, age of marriage and child-bearing and economic factors contributing to longevity.

  • His main contribution was to highlight the relationship between food supply and population.

2
New cards

Dermographics

the study of population based on factors such as age, race, and sex

3
New cards

Malthusian Population Theory

Malthus viewed poverty, hunger and lack of sufficient food production to feed all of the world's people as an inevitable part of the human experience. In accordance with the less secular standards of the science-minded during his lifetime, he believed this arrangement was put in place by God to keep people from being lazy.

4
New cards

An Essay On The Priciple of Population

his illustrative side-by-side comparison of arithmetic and a geometric series—food increases more slowly than population—that it was often taken out of context and highlighted as his main observation. The observation is, indeed, so stark that it is still easy to lose sight of Malthus’s actual conclusion: that because humans have not all starved, economic choices must be at work, and it is the job of an economist to study those choices.

5
New cards

geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32)

Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural human urge to reproduce human population increases _

6
New cards

arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

However, food supply, at most, can only increase _

7
New cards
  1. marrying at a later age (moral restraint)

  2. abstaining from procreation

  3. birth control

  4. homosexuality

preventative checks

8
New cards
  1. disease

  2. war

  3. disaster

  4. famine

positive checks

9
New cards

climate change, pollution

Many scientists believe that even if the food supply can be maintained at adequate levels per se, the environmental consequences will be such that sustainability measures will fail for secondary reasons (_)

10
New cards

technology, infrastructure, science, and medical care

Food surpluses gave homo sapiens time to develop the “stuff” of civilization:

11
New cards

dermographic transition

These advances brought lower death rates and accelerated population growth still further. This cycle, called “_” by professionals, has repeated itself over and over again through the millennia.

12
New cards

Me Too

What does seem in sync with the economy is the new assertiveness of women – exemplified by the “_” movement, a record number of women elected to political office or running large corporations, and millennials postponing marriage.

13
New cards

Third Wave

Feminist activists call it the “_” of their movement, comparing it to the 1920s and the 1970s, when fertility and economic growth also decoupled. This leads to an obvious, but largely unrecognized, conclusion that birth rates may depend on micro events like women’s attitudes toward marriage and procreation, as much as macro events like the economy.

14
New cards

Shiela Jeffries

Feminist scholar _ writes “… the traditional elements of marriage have not completely disappeared in western societies, even in the case of employed, highly educated and… well paid professional women.” These women “… feel they have no choice but to stay and endure and may ‘love to survive.’”

15
New cards

1920s- The roaring twenties

The economy was booming. World War I had given women access, at least temporarily, to factory jobs once deemed inappropriate for their gender. As the decade unfolded full time office jobs – typists, filing clerks, and stenographers – became possibilities for ambitious young women.

16
New cards

the birth control pill

In 1968 a writer called it the most important breakthrough since the discovery of fire. Twenty-five years later the Economist listed it among the seven wonders of the modern world.

17
New cards

Enovid

Many blame it for the sexual revolution that (allegedly) swept the country in the 1960s, and it’s not hard to see why. When first produced in 1957, pharmaceutical company G. D. Searle touted the drug, called _, as a treatment for “gynecological disorders.” Contraception was a little noticed side effect.

18
New cards

contraceptive revolution

The pill heralded what some demographers call a “_,” a period when women switched from less effective forms of contraception controlled entirely by men – mainly condoms and coitus interruptus.

19
New cards

Feminism

Movement aiming to change societal perceptions of women’s existing strength and achieve gender equality.

20
New cards

Economic–Fertility Decoupling

Phenomenon where strong economic growth co-exists with declining birth rates, influenced by women’s personal choices.

21
New cards

Marriage Skepticism (Feminist View)

Critique that the institution of marriage limits women’s social equality and reinforces service roles to men.

22
New cards

Mechanization of Agriculture

Technological shift reducing farm labor demand and altering family size incentives.

23
New cards

Great Depression Fertility Trend

Period when U.S. fertility decline continued at nearly the same pace despite a dramatic fall in disposable income.

24
New cards


Baby Boom

Post-World War II surge in birth rates that later ended with widespread contraceptive use and female labor participation.

25
New cards

Labor Force Participation of Married Women (1960–1980)

Period when employed married women nearly doubled—from 12.2 million to 23.5 million—grow­ing 7× faster than men’s employment.

26
New cards

Fertility Rate

Number of births per 1,000 women; key measure showing modest decline even during economic upheavals.

27
New cards

Micro vs. Macro Fertility Drivers

Concept that women’s attitudes toward marriage and procreation (micro) may influence birth rates as much as economic conditions (macro).

28
New cards

Ani DiFranco’s Feminism

View defining feminism as self-determination—each woman’s right to become herself and do what she needs.