Chemistry in Context -- Final

___ are the most basic constituent of ordinary matter.
a. Atoms
b. Molecules
c. Compounds
d. Mixtures

A

___ are substances made completely of one kind of atom.
a. Heterogeneous mixtures
b. Homogeneous mixtures
c. Elements
d. Compounds

C

Elements can be broken down chemically.
a. True
b. False

B

___ are the fundamental unit of a compound.
a. Atoms
b. Molecules
c. Photons
d. Elements

B

Only ___ are pure substances.
a. Elements
b. Compounds
c. Mixtures
d. Elements and compounds

D

Wet sand is an example of a ___.
a. Element
b. Compound
c. Homogeneous mixture
d. Heterogeneous mixture

D

Combustion causes a ___ change.
a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Elemental
d. Mental

B

0.004 has ___ significant figures.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

If the density of lead is 11.34 g/ml, what is the mass of 50 mL of lead?
a. 11.34 g
b. 567 g
c. 1134 g
d. 776 g

B

Pressure is an example of an ___.
a. Extensive property
b. Intensive property
c. Element
d. Compound

B

Electrons have a relatively ___ mass by occupying a ___ volume.
a. Large, large
b. Large, small
c. Small, large
d. Small, small

D

Elements are defined by the number of ___ an atom has.
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Electrons
d. Photons

A

Isotopes have the same number of ___ and a different number of ___.
a. Neutrons, protons
b. Protons, electrons
c. Neutrons, electrons
d. Protons, neutrons

D

Ca is a ___.
a. Alkali metal
b. Alkaline earth metal
c. Semi-metal
d. Transition metal

B

By definition, on a mole of 12C weighs ___.
a. Approx. 12 g
b. Exactly 12 g
c. Approximately 12.01 g
d. Exactly 12 amu

B

Most naturally occurring Cr atoms have ___ neutrons.
a. 26
b. 27
c. 28
d. 29

C

Metals tend to ___ electrons during chemical reactions.
a. Gain
b. Lose
c. Share
d. Borrow

B

___ are found in all three states, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
a. Main group elements
b. Transition metals
c. Nonmetals
d. Semi-metals

C

The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is only a function of ___.
a. Wave speed
b. Amplitude
c. Diffraction
d. Wavelength

D

Light with a frequency of 4.8 x 10^16 has a wavelength of.
a. 6.0 x 10^-9 m
b. 6.0 x 10^9 m
c. 3.0 x 10^8 m
d. 7.2 x 10^12 m

A

The visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum covers wavelengths between ___ and ___.
a. 100 - 200
b. 400 - 1000
c. 400 - 700
d. 700 - 1500

C

Observing ___ patters indicates the presence of waves.
a. Electrical
b. Diffraction
c. Intensity
d. Current

B

Only light of a minimum ___ is able to eject electrons from the surface of metal.
a. Frequency
b. Wavelength
c. Amplitude
d. Intensity

B

Discreet energy states which electrons can occupy are called ___.
a. Electron volts
b. Shell numbers
c. Orbitals
d. Spin states

C

When an electron falls from a high energy state to a lower energy state, a photon is ___.
a. Absorbed
b. Reflected
c. Emitted
d. Diffracted

C

If an electron gains 2.11 x 10^-19 J of energy as it moves from one orbital to another, a photon with a wavelength of ___ must have been ___.
a. 4.25 x 10^5 m, absorbed
b. 9.42 x 10^-7 m, absorbed
c. 5.22 x 10^-9 m, emitted
d. Cannot be determined

B

Orbital shape is determined by the ___ quantum number.
a. Shell
b. Angular momentum
c. Magnetic
d. Electron spin

B

D orbitals correspond with I= ___.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3

C

If I=2, mI can be one of ___ possible values.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

D

According to ___, electrons will fill orbitals to minimize potential energy.
a. Hund's Rule
b. Avogadro's number
c. Electrostatic repulsion
d. Aufbau principle

D

Electrons in N=3 are ___ compared to N=1 electrons.
a. More shielded
b. More penetrating
c. Spin neutral
d. More massive

A

___ have equal energy.
a. N=3 Orbitals
b. P orbitals
c. Degenerate
d. Waves

C

According to Hund's rule, electrons will avoid ___ as orbitals are filled.
a. Spinning
b. Losing energy
c. Emitting photons
d. Pairing

D

Bromine (Br) has ___ valence and ___ core electrons.
a. 17, 18
b. 15, 20
c. 5, 30
d. 7, 28

D

Within a given shell, atomic radius tends to ___ with atomic number.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Stay the same

B

Atomic radii reaches a minimum with the ___ group of elements.
a. Alkali metal
b. Transition metal
c. Halogen
d. Noble Gas

D

The atomic radius of an anion is largely independent of the ___ of the anion.
a. Charge
b. Spin state
c. Period number
d. Ionization energy

A

First ionization energy reaches a minimum with the ___ group elements.
a. Alkali metal
b. Transition metal
c. Halogen
d. Noble Gas

A

Potassium (K) is likely to have a ___ second ionization energy compared to calcium (Ca).
a. Larger
b. Smaller
c. Roughly the same

A

If the difference in electro-negativity between two bonded atoms is 0.45, the bond can be best described as ___.
a. Ionic
b. Polar covalent
c. Non-polar covalent
d. Weak

B

Across the periodic table, electro-negativity trends in the ___ direction as atomic radii and in the ___ direction as ionization energy.
a. Same, same
b. Same, opposite
c. Opposite, same
d. Opposite, opposite

C

If Ca and S formed an ionic compound, the resulting compound would likely have a formula of ___.
a. CaS2
b. Ca2S
c. CaS
d. Cannot be determined

C

If Cr and Cl formed an ionic compound, the resulting compound would likely have a formula of ___.
a. CrCl
b. CrCl6
c. Cr2Cl3
d. Cannot be determined

D

CBr4 should be called ___.
a. Carbon tetrabromide
b. Carbon tetrebromine
c. Monocarbon tetrabromide
d. Tetrabromocarbon

A

According to VSEPR Theory, electron groups around a central atom will try to ___ distance between themselves.
a. Minimize
b. Maximize
c. Destroy
d. Emit

B

Trigonal bipyramidal molecules have ___ and ___ electron groups.
a. 3 axial, 3 equitorial
b. 2 axial, 2 equitorial
c. 3 axial, 2 equitorial
d. 2 axial, 3 equitorial

D

Lone electron pairs tend to cause bond angles to ___.
a. Polarize
b. Expand
c. Shrink
d. Stay the same

C

:BrF5 will have a ___ electron geometry and a ___ molecular geometry.
a. Square pyramidal, tetrahedral
b. Tetrahedral, square planar
c. Octahedral, square pyramidal
d. Trigonal planar, see-saw

C

Energy is the ability to do ___.
a. Work
b. Synthesis
c. Pressure
d. None of the above

A

Which of the following is NOT a unit of energy?
a. Btu
b. Joule
c. Calorie
D. Newton

D

Most of the world's energy usage comes from:
a. Nuclear sources
b. Renewables
c. Fossil Fuels
d. Hydroelectric power

C

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental force of nature?
a. Electromagnetic
b. Gravitational
c. Atmospheric
d. Nuclear weak force

C

Which of the following energy sources is derived from gravity?
a. Hydroelectric
b. Wind turbines
c. A and B
d. Neither a nor b

C

The energy density of chemical reactions is due to:
a. The movement of photons
b. The movement of electrons
c. Splitting a nucleus
d. Pressure changes

B

Burning a gallon of gas produces ___ compared to dropping the same volume of gas from a height of 100 ft.
a. About the same amount of energy
b. Much less energy
c. Much more energy
d. An unknown amount

C

Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical energy source?
a. Bioethanol
b. Coal
c. Natural gas
d. Nuclear fusion

D

The number one consumer/producer of coal (by region) is:
a. Asia Pacific
b. Africa
c. Middle East
d. North America

A

In Europe, which is the preferred biofuel?
a. Biodiesel
b. Bioethanol

A

In the western hemisphere, which is the preferred biofuel?
a. Biodiesel
b. Bioethanol

B

Which of the following are advantages of chemical sources of energy?
a. Scalable
b. Easily transportable
c. High energy density
d. All of the above

D

During nuclear reactions, what is converted directly into energy?
a. Mass
b. Photons
c. Chemical potential
d. None of the above

A

A relatively small amount of bioethanol produced is:
a. Burned
b. Mixed with gasoline
c. Traded across national borders
d. Sold

C

First generation bioethanol sources (are) often:
a. Edible
b. Inedible
c. of little economic value
d. none of the above

A

Second generation bioethanol sources (are) often:
a. Edible
b. Inedible
c. of little economic value
d. b and c

D

During the ___ process of bioethanol production, sugars are converted to ethanol.
a. Separation
b. Fermentation
c. Distillation
d. Dehydration

B

Which of the following steps is necessary when converting second generation sources but not necessary when converting first generation sources?
a. Fermentation
b. Dehydration
c. Hydrolysis
d. Distillation

C

Biodiesel can be derived from:
a. Seeds
b. Algae
c. A and B
d. None of the above

C

In addition to diesel, what else is produced during the biodiesel production process?
a. Triglycerides
b. Methanol
c. Potassium hydroxide
d. Glycerol

D

What do algae need to grow?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Sunlight
c. A and B
d. None of the above

C

Algae grown for biodiesel production can be cultivated in a closed systems called:
a. Open ponds
b. Photobioreactors
c. Reactor cores
d. Vortexers

B

Which feed stock contributes most to global biodiesel production?
a. Vegetable oil
b. Jatropha
c. Biomass-based
d. Non-agricultural feed stock

A

Which of the following is NOT a natural polymer?
a. DNA
b. Cellulose
c. Shellac
d. Polypropylene

D

The process of linking together monomer units is:
a. Polymerization
b. Dehydration
c. Distillation
d. Fission

A

During addition polymerization, all atoms in the original monomers wind up in the chain.
a. True
b. False

A

What is not required for condensation polymerization?
a. Monomers
b. Water
c. Initiator
d. Catalyst

C

During condensation polymerization, polymerization can proceed in two directions.
a. True
b. False

A

Bronsted-Lowry (BL) acids ___ protons.
a. Accept
b. Donate
c. Create
d. Destroy

B

Bronsted-Lowry (BL) bases ___ protons.
a. Accept
b. Donate
c. Create
d. Destroy

A

Conjugate bases of strong acids are ___.
a. Weak
b. Strong
c. Amphoteric
d. Can't be predicted

A

Water is a(n) ___ substance.
a. Acidic
b. Basic
c. Amphoteric
d. All of the above

D

Binary acid strength increases to the ___ across a period of the periodic table.
a. Up
b. Down
c. Left
d. Right

D

Binary acid strength increases ___ a column of the periodic table.
a. Up
b. Down
c. Left
d. Right

B

How many inversion layers are there in the earth's atmosphere?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

B

How many of the air pollution events discussed in class occurred in the United Kingdom?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

B

How many atmospheric layers are there between the troposphere and the exosphere?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

C

Nitrogen and oxygen account for ___ % of the atmosphere.
a. 10
b. 50
c. 90
d. 99

D

Vertical atmospheric mixing is generally ___ than lateral mixing.
a. Slower
b. Faster
c. Occurs at the same rate

A

In the upper atmosphere, ionization processes filter ___ radiation.
a. Ultraviolet
b. Infrared
c. X-Ray
d. Gamma ray

C

The movement of students through Gonzaga University is an example of ___ equilibrium.
a. Static
b. Dynamic
c. Isochoric
d. Adiabatic

B

For reversible reactions, chemical equilibrium is reached when the ___ of the forward and reverse are the same.
a. Rates
b. Stoichiometry
c. Heat Content
d. Compounds

A

When chemical equilibrium is reached, the concentrations of all reactants and products must be equal.
a. True
b. False

B

For a given reaction, Kc is a very large number. Therefore, the reaction must be ___.
a. Reactant Favored
b. Product favored
c. At equilibrium
d. Exothermic

B

Adding product to a chemical system at equilibrium will shift the reaction toward ___.
a. Elements
b. Compounds
c. Products
d. Reactants

D

Two forms of methamphetamine are called ___.
a. Chiral
b. Elemental
c. Enantiomers
d. Diasteriomers

C

Desoxyn is an over the counter drug technically known as ___.
a. Aspirin
b. Ephedrine
c. Dextromethamphetamine
d. Levomethamphetamine

D

If both forms of methamphetamine are present in a given mixture, the mixture can be described as ___.
a. Racemic
b. Equimolar
c. Light Bulb

A

In Breaking Bad, Walt's first method of meth synthesis is commonly known as the ___ method.
a. Red, White, and Blue
b. Oh, Canada
c. Union Jack
d. Stars and Stripes

A

Which of the following objects/substances did NOT contribute to Walt's first method?
a. Iodine
b. Phosphorus
c. Methylamine
d. Match Sticks

C

Which of the following served as the electron carrier in Walt's first method?
a. Iodine
b. Phosphorus
c. Ephedrine
d. Oxygen

A

Which of the following describes Walt's second method?
a. Reductive Animation
b. Oxidative Animation
c. Jessie's Cook

A