Chem CH 3 Textbook

matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

what does a materials state of matter depend on?

the strength of the forces between the particles its made of

physical property

characteristics of a substance that can change without the substance beccoming another substance

examples of physical properties

color, odor, state of matter, density, volume, melting/boiling point

chemical properties

the ability of a substance to change composition and form a new substances (molecules break apart or rearrange)

is water an element

no water is a molecule/compound

if a substance changes its state of matter do its molecules stay intact?

yes

what are chemical changes are called

reactions

element

substances made of only one type of atom with a specific number of a protons (atomic number)

T/F: elements are only found in an isolated state

F, most substances are made of multiple elements

different elements bind together to form _______

compounds

compounds

substances made of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

water is an example of a ________ . (dont put liquid)

compound

define particle

a general word for any small object of matter- can refer to atoms, molecules, protons, or electrons depending on the context

T/F: an element can be broken down into other substances

F

if oxygen is an element, whats the difference between O and O² ?

O is just a single oxygen atom, O2 is two oxygens binded together as a molecule

a substances flammability is an example of a _________ property

chemical

freezing water into ice is an example of _______ property

physical

mixture

things that have variable composition, are made up of 2 or more pure substances

pure substances

can be either elements or compounds, always have the same composition

air is an example of a _________

mixture

helium gas is an example of a _______

pure substance

mixtures can be seperated into _______ but ______________________________

pure substances, some impurities will always remain

types of mixtures

homogenous, heterogenous

homogenous mixture

a mixture thats the same throughout, all reigons of the mixture have the same properties

heterogenous mixture

mixture that contains reigons with different properties

a solution is another word for a ___________

homogenous mixture

can a mixture be made up of only one element?

no, if its made of the same element is a pure substance

T/F: a compound is a pure substance

T

T/F: a compound is a homogenous mixture

F

difference between molecule vs compund

a molecule is 2 or more atoms bonded together, a compound is 2 or more types of atoms (elements) bonded together

Would it be accurate to say elements are just types of atoms?

No, because while elements consist of 1 single type of atom, isotopes exist, so then elements are types of atoms that are subdivided into more types of atoms so then it just gets kind of convoluted when you try to say that elements are types of atomsbecause theres more atoms IDK

2 ways of seperating mixtures

distillation and filtration

distillation

method for separating the components of a liquid mixture by vaporization

filtration

method for separating the components of a mixture solid and a liquid mixture by using a mesh

solution

a homogenous mixture

3 states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

solid

rigid substance with a definite shape

liquid

has a definite volume but takes up the shape of whatever container its in

gas

takes up both the shape and volume of whatver container its in

molecule

a group of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together, they can all be of the same element or made of different elements

compounds

a group of 2 or more elements covalently or ionically bonded together