Wk. 4 - Dementia & Delirium Practice Cards

Which of the following best defines dementia? A. A temporary and reversible cognitive impairment B. A progressive decline in memory and at least one other cognitive domain that interferes with daily life C. A sudden onset of confusion due to an infection or medication D. A condition that primarily affects motor function

B

Which of the following are neurodegenerative causes of dementia? Select all that apply. A. Alzheimer’s disease B. Parkinson’s disease dementia C. Vascular dementia D. Frontotemporal dementia E. Dementia with Lewy Bodies

A,B,D,E

Which of the following are considered modifiable risk factors for dementia? Select all that apply. A. Hypertension B. Smoking C. Age over 65 D. Traumatic brain injury E. Genetic predisposition

A,B,D

True or False: Nearly 10 million new cases of dementia occur each year worldwide.

True

Which statement is correct regarding vascular dementia? A. It results from neurodegenerative changes in the brain, like Alzheimer's disease. B. It is caused by cerebrovascular damage, such as strokes or chronic vascular insufficiency. C. It occurs exclusively in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. D. It is always reversible with proper medical treatment.

B

Which statement best describes delirium? A. A progressive decline in cognitive function over time B. A sudden disturbance in attention and cognition often caused by a medical condition or substance use C. A disorder that occurs only in individuals with pre-existing dementia D. A permanent cognitive impairment without fluctuations

B

Common causes of delirium include: Select all that apply. A. Electrolyte imbalances B. Alcohol withdrawal C. Stroke D. Genetic mutations E. Postoperative states in older adults

A,B,C,E

Which of the following are key features of delirium? Select all that apply. A. Rapid onset (hours to days) B. Symptoms fluctuate throughout the day C. Stable cognition without attention impairment D. Hallucinations and agitation may be present

A,B,D

True or False: Delirium and dementia are the same condition, but delirium progresses faster.

False

Which intervention is most appropriate for managing a hospitalized patient with delirium? A. Keeping the lights off at night to prevent overstimulation B. Using clocks, calendars, and familiar objects to aid orientation C. Administering sedatives as a first-line treatment D. Encouraging isolation to reduce confusion

B

A nurse is caring for a patient with moderate dementia who struggles with word-finding. Which intervention is most appropriate? A. Allow the patient to struggle with communication until they recall the word B. Supply missing words and encourage the patient to describe objects C. Correct the patient each time they use an incorrect word D. Avoid conversations to prevent frustration

B

Which environmental triggers can contribute to behavioral challenges in patients with dementia? Select all that apply. A. Strange or unfamiliar settings B. Loud noises C. Feeling rushed D. Low lighting in the evening E. Fatigue and confusion

A,B,C,E

True or False: In the severe stage of dementia, patients may lose their ability to communicate and require total dependence on caregivers.

True

A nurse is providing education on sleep hygiene for a patient with delirium. Which interventions are appropriate? Select all that apply. A. Minimize nighttime disturbances B. Allow frequent napping during the day to compensate for lost sleep C. Ensure a quiet and comfortable sleeping environment D. Use bright lights at night to keep the patient oriented E. Maintain a consistent sleep schedule

A,C,E

Which statement best describes a key difference between delirium and dementia? A. Delirium has a gradual onset, while dementia occurs suddenly B. Delirium symptoms fluctuate, while dementia symptoms remain stable and progressive C. Dementia is always caused by medications, while delirium is always caused by strokes D. Delirium is untreatable, while dementia can always be reversed

B

What are common challenges experienced by caregivers of individuals with dementia? Select all that apply. A. High levels of stress and emotional exhaustion B. Financial burden due to caregiving expenses C. Increased risk of developing dementia themselves D. Limited need for support due to self-sufficient patients E. Difficulty managing behavioral symptoms

A,B,E

True or False: 70% of dementia-related costs are borne by families due to medical expenses and unpaid caregiving.

True

A nurse is providing education to the family of a newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s patient. Which topics should be included? Select all that apply. A. The progressive nature of the disease B. Available support groups and respite care services C. How to prevent dementia from worsening completely D. Strategies for managing communication challenges E. The importance of caregiver self-care

A,B,D,E

Which of the following statements by a caregiver of a person with dementia suggests a need for further education? A. "I try to avoid rushing my loved one when completing daily tasks." B. "I correct my loved one each time they use the wrong word to help improve their memory." C. "I’ve joined a caregiver support group to manage stress." D. "I try to keep my loved one’s daily routine consistent to reduce confusion."

B

Which intervention is most appropriate for managing agitation in a patient with dementia? A. Speaking in a calm, slow manner B. Arguing with the patient to correct their confusion C. Moving the patient to a completely unfamiliar environment to distract them D. Ignoring the patient until the agitation resolves

A