AP Human Geography Unit 2 Ch 5

Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

migration

the permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another

voluntary migration

a movement made by choise

push factor

negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compels a person to leave

pull factor

a destination based on its positive conditions and circumstances

immigrant

a person who migrates across an international bored with the intention of staying permanently

emigrant

from the perspective of the country, the migrant who is leaving

emigrate

when people migrate away from somewhere

migration transition model

countries in Stages 2 and 3 of the demographic transition experience rapid population growth and overcrowding

intervening obstacles

barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult

intervening opportunity

opportunities that are on the way of original migration plan that disrupt the plan

distance decay

the further apart two places are, the less likely people will migrate

gravity model of migration

the model assumes that the size and distance between two cities or countries will influence the amount of interactions that include migration, travel, and economic activity

step migration

a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

rural-urban migration

rural areas needing fewer laborers on farms and cities need more people to work

counter migration

each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction

return migration

immigrants moving back to their former home

forced migration

migration that is involuntary, meaning that migrants have no choice but to move

internally displaced persons (IDPs)

migrants that move to another part of their same country involuntarily

refugee

migrants that cross internationally involuntarily

asylum

protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if her or she returns

voluntary migration

when people choose to relocate

internal migration

the movemtn that occurs within a country

transnational migration

when people move from one country to another (internationally instead of internally)

chain migration

people following their family or relatives who have migrated previously

guest workers

transnational migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isnt available locally

transhumance

the process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons

guest worker policies

the regulations towards the number of workers who can temporarily enter each country to work in specific industries for a defined amount of time

family reunifcation

polices that allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to the country

xenophobia

a strong dislike of people of another culture

remittances

money sent to their family and friends in the country that they left

brain drain

when migration out of a country is made up of many highly skilled people

ethnic enclaves

neighborhoods filed primarily with people of the same ethnic group