Respiratory PathSession 1

Nasal cavity

Sinuses

Nasopharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

What are the conduction portions of the respiratory tract?

Bronchioles

What is the transitional portion of the resp tract?

Alveoli

What is the exchange portion of the respiratory system?

To hold open the airway to allow air in

What is the purpose of the nasal turbinates (bone) and cartilage portions of the conducting system?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epitheilum w/ goblet cells

What kind of cells line the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Nasal turvonates - turbulent airflow and microbe get stuck

Bifurcation - turbulent air flow

Normal flora - outcompete

What are physical barriers of the conducting respiratory system?

Entrapment of particles and movement up the mucociliary apparatus

What is the mucocilliary transport system?

Bronchi to the pharynx

How far does the mucocilliary apparatus extend?

Sol

Gel

____ is a more fluid secretion ___ is a thicker mucus secretion produced by goblet cells

Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)

What kind of defense will we see at the bronchial bifurcation?

Viral infections - confections w/ bacteria

Toxic gases (anesthesia)

Immunodeficiencies

What factors can weaken the pulmonary defense?

Aerogenous (inspired air)

What is the most common method of entry of a pathogen into the respiratory tract?

Hematogenous

What method is most common for neoplasia and parasites to get to the lungs?

Direct extension - bites/ penetrating wounds

How can a fighting cat get respiratory issues?

Palatoschisis (Cleft palate) most common congenital dysfunction of upper resp tract

Identify the pathology?

Aspiration pneumonia - communication b/w nasal and oral cavity

What are common sequela of Palatoschisis?

Choanal atresia - opening between nasal cavity and nasal pharynx

Identify the pathology?

Aspiration

Can develop bone/ membrane that obstructs airflow into nasopharynx

What are common sequela of Choanal atresia?

Malformed/ poor functioning cilia

What is ciliary dyskinesia?

Stenotic nares

Elongated soft palate - occudes larynx

Everted laryngeal saccules

Hypoplastic trachea (+/- collapsing trachea)

What are signs of Brachycephaic airway syndrom?

Stenotic nares

Identify the pathology?

Elongated soft palate

Identify the pathology?

everted laryngeal saccules

Identify the pathology?

collapsing trachea

Identify the pathology?

Guttural pouch inflammation

Define Eutachitis?

Bleeding from nose

Define epistaxis?

Coughing blood

Define hemoptysis?

Pus accumulation in the guttural pouch

Define Empyema?

Viral/ allergy (clear/ thicker chunky)

Serious/ catarrhal nasal discharge is more likely to be seen in what kinds of infection?

Bacterial ( yellow thick)

Purulent/ suppurative nasal discharge is more likely to be seen in what kinds of infection?

Fungal

Granulomatous nasal discharge is more likely to be seen in what kinds of infection?

Distemper virus

What virus is typically responsible for respiratory dz in dogs?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Pasteurella multocida

What are the two respiratory bacterial infections that commonly affect the upper resp system dogs?

Aspergillus

What fungal infections that commonly affect the upper resp system dogs?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

-crowding/ mixing of dogs in poor ventilation w/ environmental stressors

What are factors that typically cause Kennel cough?

German Shepards and Dolichocephalic breeds

What dogs does Aspergillus fumigatus?

Aspergillus fumigatus

Identify the organism?

Feline calicivirus

Feline Herpies virus 1

What two viruses will cause feline rhinitis and conjunctivitis?

Mycoplasma felis

Chlamydophila felis

What are the secondary infections that can occur from feline Rhinitis?

Cryptococcus

What is the fungal cause of feline rhinitis?

Dendritic ulcerations

What is pathognomonic for felines herpes virus?

Calicivirus but can also be in FHV-1

If you see oral ulceration in a cat what virus would we lean towards?

Gelatinous polypoid masses (in brain or nose)

Swollen nasal cavity (roman nose)

What are signs of Cryptococcus neoformans/ C. gatti?

Cryptococcus

Identify the pathogen?

Mucicarmine stain

What stain is used to see Cryptococcus?

IBR - bovine herpes virus

Identify the pathology?

Red nose dz a Necrotic hemoragic dz of the nasal cavity

What is IBR - bovine herpes virus?

Mannheim haemolytica synergism

What bacteria will we see a co-infection with IBR - bovine herpes virus ?

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

Atrophic rhinitis in pigs

Identify the pathology?

Coinfection will lead to inhibition of osteoblasts and activation of osteoclasts leading to atrophy and loss of nasal conchae and a septal deviation

Explain the pathogenesis of Atropic rhinitis in pigs?

Oestrus ovis

Myiasis fly - larva in living tissue

What is a form of parasitic rhinitis in sheep?

A rodent botfly larval that migrates w/ in the body - goes to nasal cavity, trachea and brain

What is cuterebra spp?

Dehorning complications

Periodontitis/ tooth abscess

What are some issues w/ sinitis?