Topic_11-Endocrine_Physiology

Endocrine System

A complex network of glands that secrete hormones to control and regulate various bodily functions.

Hormones

Chemical messengers secreted by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete their products into ducts leading to the body’s surface or to body cavities.

Hypothalamus

A region of the brain that produces neurohormones to regulate the anterior pituitary gland's function.

Anterior Pituitary Gland

A gland that produces hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, including oxytocin and vasopressin.

Peptide Hormones

Hormones made of amino acids that often require receptor activation on the cell membrane to cause effects.

Steroid Hormones

Hormones derived from cholesterol that easily pass through cell membranes and affect gene expression.

Regulation of Hormone Responsiveness

The ability of a cell to respond to a hormone, which is dependent on the presence of specific receptors.

Up-Regulation

An increase in the number of hormone receptors on a cell, enhancing sensitivity to that hormone.

Down-Regulation

A decrease in the number of hormone receptors on a cell, reducing sensitivity to that hormone.

Tropic Hormones

Hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones and can influence the growth of endocrine glands.

Negative Feedback Control

A regulatory mechanism in which a high level of a final hormone reduces production of hormones in its pathway.