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sports medicine

a medical field that focuses on helping people improve their athletic ability/performance, recover from an injury and prevent future injuries

sports medicine umbrella

performance enhancement and injury care/management

performance enhancement (definition)

actions or professions which improve athlete capabilities

injury care/management (definition)

prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries and illness

under performance enhancement

exercise physiology, biomechanics, sports psychology, sports nutrition, sports massage

exercise physiology

study of the effects of exercise on the body

biomechanics

study of body movement through science

sports psychology

specializes in mental health and counseling of athletes

sports nutrition

specializes on nutritional health of athletes

sports massage

specializes in various massage techniques on athletes

under injury care/management

practice of medicine (MD or DO), sports physical therapy, sports medicine/athletic training

MD

medical doctor

DO

doctor orthopedic

sports physical therapy

sport specific rehab

sports medicine/athletic training

provides immediate care

central team

athlete, athletes parent/guardian (at home care), team physician (confirms diagnosis), certified athletic trainer (immediate care/communication)

physicians assistant (PA)

assists physician

physical therapists (PT's)

rehabilitation

physical therapy assistants (PTA's)

assists physical therapists (people cannot always see the PT)

dentist

teeth and gums (especially important for hockey players and boxers)

ophthalmologists

eye doctor

nurse (RN)

minor injuries or illnesses

cardiologist

heart

chiropractor

manipulation of joints

podiatrist

feet, ankle, lower leg (below the knee)

urologist

urinary system and kidneys

neurologist

brain, nerves, spinal cord

gynecologist

female reproductive system

emergency medical technician (EMT)

assists in emergency situations

massage therapist (MT)

massage

dietitian

diet and nutrition

strength and conditioning coach

bigger, stronger, faster

coach

responsible for coaching

sports psychologist

mental health

allergist

allergies

sports medicine student assistant (SMSA)

assists the athletic trainer (primary responsibility is hydrating athletes)

certified athletic trainers (ATC's)

healthcare professional certified by the Board of Certification (BOC) that specializes in prevention, recognition, management, and rehab of athlete injuries

18th century

ancient roman and greek civilizations

olympics

greek

gladiator matches

roman

galen

"greatest name in roman medicine", first physician for gladiator matches (roman)

herodicus

1st sports medicine physician (reappeared during the renaissance era)

presence of athletic trainers increased: when/why

in the early 1900's, when american football was established

NATA

national athletic training association

NATA headquarters

headquarters in Dallas TX (original headquarters in Greenville NC

1950

when NATA was founded

1991

when the American Medical Association (AMA) recognized AT as a healthcare profession

things needed to become an AT

bachelors (4 years) and entry level masters degree (1 year) in a CAATE AT program, must pass the BOC exam (earns the credential), and licensure, certification, and registration is necessary

AT roles

hydration, rehab, clinical evaluation, treatment, organization/administration, risk management and injury prevention, nutritional aspects, professional development and responsibility

work settings of ATC's

schools, universities, professional sports teams, industrial, military, fitness centers/gyms, law enforcement, recreational/youth leagues

duty of care

official job responsibility, rendering treatment and procedures related to the health and well-being of an athlete, failure to perform duty may lead to negligence

negligence

legal wrong characterized by the failure to act as a reasonably normal person would in a similar situation

gross negligence

a step above negligence (if someone was hurt because nothing was said)

assumption of risk (waiver)

an athlete/patient must fully understand that by participating in a sport they may become injured; they assume the risk of being injured after being fully warned of dangers

informed consent

obtaining permission before performing a procedure or treatment, the athlete or parent must be allowed enough information to make an intelligent decision about granting permission of care

proximate cause (cause & effect)

a close connection between the way an AT acted and the resulting injury to an athlete

legal solutions

written contract, equipment that meets safety standards, preparticipation physical, signed assumption of risk forms, cpr and first aid certifications, crisis plan, documentation of injuries/procedures, trust, checking hazards, staying educated

areas of at facilities

private exam rooms, treatment area, game/practice prep, wound care/first aid, hydrotherapy area, rehab area, AT office/record keeping

things in the game/practice prep area

coolers, water bottles, ice machine, medical kits, storage

things in the wound care/first aid area

bandaids, gauze, disinfectant for cleaning wounds, sutures, nose plugs, etc.

things in the hydrotherapy area

3 pools- 1 for lower body (room temp), 1 for recovery (cold water), 1 for before practices/games (warm water)

preventing athletic injures

educating the athletes, rule enforcement, proper matching, physical fitness

administrative issues & documentation (pre-participation exam)

determines if the athlete is physically fit enough to participate, provides baseline for comparison, provides a brief medical history

insurance

a written agreement between the insurance company and person who buys it (ensures medical coverage in case of injury to a patient), HMO, PPO

HMO

health maintenance organization

PPO

preferred provider organization

reports and charts

accident and injury reports (information about the injury)

treatment logs

any treatment an athlete receives

rehabilitation charts

documentation of progress through rehabilitation

SOAP note definition (not letters)

a form of documentation used for assessment findings and recording progress through a rehabilitation program

S in SOAP note

subjective- information told to the examiner

O in SOAP note

objective- information measured by the examiner

A in SOAP note

assessment- findings based on subjective and objective information (diagnosis)

P in SOAP note

plan- what's next?

cardiac arrest

heart stops

respiratory arrest

lungs stop

internal bleeding

life threatening

burns

1st, 2nd, 3rd

heat related illness (4 kinds)

heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

cold related illness

hypothermia, frostnip, frostbite

asthma attack

can't breathe, caused by allergies

sign

objective evidence that's measured or sensed

symptom

subjective evidence that cannot be seen, smelled, or heard

ABC

airway, breathing, circulation

checking the scene

ensure your safety

determine responsiveness

talk genty, no more than a squeezing of the hand to indicate hearing and reacting

circulation

place index and middle finger over major arteries to check for heart rhythm (pulse points)

airway

head tilt, chin tilt technique

breathing

look, listen feel

cpr rescue breath length

1-1.5 seconds long every 3 seconds

breathing barrier

helps stop the spread of potential diseases

cpr rhythm

30 compressions/2 breaths

cpr compressions/min and depth

100 compressions/min at a depth of 2 inches

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

occurs when damage to the heart muscle causes the heart to stop beating

symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

irregular heart beat, history of fainting (syncope), or dizziness

treatment for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

cpr and assistance of automated external defibrillator (AED) for electrical shock

heart attack

also called myocardial infarction or MI- occurs when the heart muscle is damaged and does not allow the heart to receive the blood

MI

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

signs of MI

breathing difficulty, pale skin, sweating, and syncope

symptoms of MI

angina pectoris (chest pain)