Automated Measurement of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride

Principle of Hycell Cell count

Direct Ion Selective Electrode

Throughput of Hycell

60 samples/hour

Parameters for Hycell (9)

Potassium

Sodium

Chloride

Ionized Calcium

pH

Lithium Ion

Total Carbon Dioxide

Total Calcium

Anion gap

This type of exposure is common, and excessive consumption, with its associated consequences

Ethanol

With continued ethanol consumption, this may progress to __________________. Of those who do not progress to toxic hepatitis, progression to __________ is common.

Alcoholic hepatitis

Liver Cirrhosis

Test where alcohol is absorbed from mouth, stomach and intestines and finally goes in

Exposure to alcohol, like exposure to most volatile organic solvents, initially causes disorientation, confusion, and euphoria but can progress to unconsciousness, paralysis, and possibly death with high-level exposure.

Alcohol Breath Test

Blood Alcohol Level:\

______-_______ = No obvious impairment, some changes observable on performance testing

______-_______ = Mild euphoria, decreased inhibitions, some impairment of motor skills

______ -_______ = Mental confusion, dizziness, strongly impaired motor skills

______ -_______ = Unable to stand or walk, vomiting, impaired consciousness

______-_____ = Coma and Possible death

0.01 - 0.05 No obvious impairment, some changes observable on performance testing

0.03 - 0.12 Mild euphoria, decreased inhibitions, some impairment of motor skills

0.09 - 0.25 Decreased inhibitions, loss of critical judgement, memory impairment, diminished reaction time

0.18 - 0.30 Mental confusion, dizziness, strongly impaired motor skills (staggering, slurred speech)

0.27 - 0.40 Unable to stand or walk, vomiting, impaired consciousness

0.35 - 0.50 Coma and possible death

Common indicators of Ethanol abuse

Glutamyl transferase

Alanine Aminotransferase

Aspartate Aminotransferase

Mean Cell Volume

High Density Lipoprotein

Electronic Alcohol Breath Test Principle

Redox Reaction

Manual Alcohol Reaction, ___________________ changes to ________________

Dichromate Ion to Chromium ion

Color Change of Manual Alcohol breath test

Brownish Orange to Green