AMH2020 Exam 1

Abraham Lincoln

President during the Civil War

Andrew Johnson

Became president after Lincoln’s assassination

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general and president during early Reconstruction

Rutherford B. Hayes

President after the Compromise of 1877

James A. Garfield

Assassinated president who served briefly

Chester A. Arthur

Became president after Garfield’s assassination

Benjamin Harrison

Pro-business president in the late 1800s

Grover Cleveland

Only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms

William McKinley

President during the Spanish-American War

Theodore Roosevelt

Became president after McKinley’s assassination

Upper South

Plantation region with mixed farming and slavery

Lower South

Plantation region dependent on cotton and slavery

Border States

Slave states that did not secede

Staple Crops

Cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugar

Domestic Slave Trade

Buying and selling enslaved people within the U.S.

Everyday Resistance

Slowing work, breaking tools, pretending ignorance

Underground Railroad

Network that helped enslaved people escape

Slave Revolts

Violent resistance, such as Nat Turner’s rebellion

Cultural Resistance

Use of religion, music, and family to resist oppression

Lost Cause Myth

Belief that the Civil War was about states’ rights

Civil War Reality

Slavery was the main cause of the war

Sectionalism

Economic and political divisions between North and South

Reconstruction

Period of rebuilding after the Civil War

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

Lenient plan allowing quick Southern reentry

Johnson’s Plan

Lenient plan that allowed Black Codes

Black Codes

Laws limiting freedoms of African Americans

Radical Republicans

Congress members pushing for full Black rights

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection

15th Amendment

Gave Black men the right to vote

Election of 1876

Disputed presidential election

Compromise of 1877

Deal that ended Reconstruction

End of Reconstruction

Removal of federal troops from the South

Bourbons

Conservative white Southern Democrats

Disenfranchisement

Removal of voting rights

Poll Tax

Fee required to vote

Literacy Test

Reading test to prevent voting

Grandfather Clause

Allowed whites to bypass voting restrictions

Forced Removal

Government relocation of Native tribes

Reservations

Land set aside for Native Americans

Dawes Act

Law dividing tribal land into individual plots

Industrialization

Growth of factories and mass production

Andrew Carnegie

Steel industry leader

John D. Rockefeller

Oil industry leader

J.P. Morgan

Banking and finance leader

Labor Unions

Organized workers fighting for rights

Populist Movement

Farmers’ movement against economic injustice

Unification of Farmers

Farmers organizing to challenge big business

Urbanization

Growth of cities

Immigration

Movement of people into the U.S. for work

Nativism

Anti-immigrant attitudes

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation

Segregation

Separation of races in public spaces

African American Leadership

Leaders and institutions resisting inequality

Social Darwinism

Belief that success equals survival of the fittest

Women’s Suffrage

Movement for women’s right to vote

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote