Socialism 4 Exam

Marx’s beliefs on human nature?

• Fraternal

• Alturistic

• Contaminated by capitalism

Marx’s beliefs on the state?

• Existing state is corrupt

• Bourgeois must be destroyed and replaced

Marx’s beliefs on society?

• Capitalism is defined by class-conflict

• Communism will be ‘The end of history’

Marx’s beliefs on the economy?

• Capitalism in corrupt and inefficient

• Replace with common-ownership

Luxemburg’s belief on human nature?

Not necessarily damaged, can still flourish

Luxemburg’s belief on the state?

• Capitalism will be overthrown after spontaneous class-conciousness

• Supports mass strikes not violence

Luxemburg’s belief on society?

Sub-cultures still exist despite capitalism

Luxemburg’s belief on the economy?

• Capitalism is a trasitional phase

• Need workers’ control

Webb’s beliefs on human nature?

Nature which captalism made would only be made worse by a violent revolution

Webb’s beliefs on the state?

Universal suffrage would allow for a gradual change

Webb’s beliefs on society?

Poverty and inequality depress human potential

Webb’s beliefs on the economy?

Chaos will gradually be replaced by community ownership

Crosland’s beliefs on human nature?

Naturally opposed to inequality and unfairness

Crosland’s beliefs on the state?

• The state can be used to make more radical change

• Encourages use of public services

Crosland’s beliefs on society?

• More nuanced than Marx thought, more layers

• Needs to be more fair and just

Crosland’s beliefs on the economy?

• Mixed economy

• Limited state ownership

• Keynesian economics

• Public spending for equality

Giddens’s belief on human nature?

• Shaped by socio-economic factors

• Fairness is instinctual

• People do have individual aspirations

Giddens’s belief on the state?

• Enabling state

• Decentralise power

• More individual power

Giddens’s belief on society?

• Comprehensive education

• Must harness class forces not deny them

Giddens’s belief on the economy?

• Privatisation

• Deregulation

• Public spending

• Equality of opportunity