Psychology in Your Life; Chapter 14

Psychopathology

Sickness or disorder of the mind

Etiology

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

Diathesis-stress model

Proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

Phobia

Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with an actual threat

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations form which escape may be difficult or impossible

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduce the anxiety

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

Major Depressive Disorder

Mood Disorder, characterized by extremely depressed moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities, that persists for 2 weeks or more.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Mood disorder, characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods, that persists for at least 2 years.

Bipolar I Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes

Bipolar II Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion where a person has difficulty distinguishing whether altered thoughts, perceptions, and conscious experiences and real versus what are imagined.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement.

Delusions

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

Hallucinations

False sensory perceptions that are experienced with an external source

Disorganized Speech

Speaking in an incoherent way that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things

Disorganized Behavior

Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe

Borderline Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in moods, and in impulse control

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A personality disorder marked by disregarded for and violation of the rights of others an by lack of remorse.

Dissociative Amnesia

Mental disorder that involves disruptions of memory for personal facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

The occurrence of two or more distinct indentities in the same individual

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, impairs communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior and interests.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A disorder characterized by excessive activity or fidgeting, inattentiveness, and impulsivity