RAD-PATHO(PRELIM)

INTRO TO PATHO C;

The study of the cause of a disease.

Etiology

The predicted outcome of a disease.

Prognosis

The study of disease occurrence and distribution in populations.

Epidemiology

A sudden increase in disease cases limited to one region.

Epidemic

The fair and efficient use of limited medical supplies and services.

Resource allocation

Agencies responsible for planning disease prevention programs.

→ Public health agencies

A test that examines DNA to detect hereditary diseases.

→ Genetic testing

The process of altering genes using biotechnology.

→ Genetic engineering

An increase in the size of existing cells.

→ Hypertrophy

Programmed cell death.

→ Apoptosis

Diseases caused by errors in body metabolism.

→ Metabolic diseases

Diseases present at birth.

→ Congenital diseases

A disease passed from parents to offspring through genes.

→ Hereditary disease

Congenital disease caused by maternal rubella infection.

→ Congenital rubella syndrome

The body’s protective response to harmful stimuli, involving redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

→ Inflammation

Long-term, destructive type of inflammation.

→ Chronic inflammation

Progressive brain disease characterized by memory loss.

→ Alzheimer’s disease

Joint disease caused by cartilage breakdown.

→ Osteoarthritis

A metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar.

→ Diabetes mellitus

The main hormone regulating blood glucose.

→ Insulin

Disease caused by physical injury from external forces.

→ Traumatic disease

Leading cause of death and disability in young people.

→ Trauma

Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells.

→ Neoplasm

The spread of malignant tumor cells to other parts of the body.

→ Metastasis

Cancer description based on cell appearance.

→ Grading

Cancer description based on tumor size and spread.

→ Staging

The degree of a microorganism’s ability to cause disease.

→ Virulence

Disease caused by physical injury.

→ Traumatic

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together.

→ Syndrome

A subjective feeling of disease experienced by the patient.

→ Symptom

DNA sequence variations involving a single nucleotide.

→ Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

An objective indicator of disease, observable by others.

→ Sign

A condition resulting from a previous disease or injury.

→ Sequelae

Cancer spread through body cavities, such as peritoneum.

→ Seeding

A malignant tumor of connective tissue.

→ Sarcoma

The predicted outcome of a disease.

→ Prognosis

The total number of disease cases in a population at a given time.

→ Prevalence

The manner in which a disease develops.

→ Pathogenesis

Infections acquired in hospitals or healthcare facilities.

→ Nosocomial

Pertaining to abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth.

→ Neoplastic

The rate of death in a population.

→ Mortality rate

The study of structure and form of cells and tissues.

→ Morphology

The rate of disease in a population.

→ Morbidity rate

The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another.

→ Metastatic spread

Replacement of one mature cell type by another.

→ Metaplasia

The body’s chemical processes that sustain life.

→ Metabolism

Observable signs and symptoms of a disease.

→ Manifestations

A cancerous tumor capable of spreading.

→ Malignant neoplasm

A malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue.

→ Lymphoma

Spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system.

→ Lymphatic spread

A cancer of the blood-forming tissues, particularly bone marrow.

→ Leukemia

An abnormal structural change or damage to tissue.

→ Lesion

Direct penetration of tumor cells into surrounding tissues.

→ Invasion

Body’s defensive response to harmful stimuli.

→ Inflammatory

Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in the body.

→ Infection

Number of new cases of a disease in a population within a certain time.

→ Incidence

A disease with no known cause.

→ Idiopathic

A disease or complication caused by medical treatment.

→ Iatrogenic

Increase in the size of existing cells.

→ Hypertrophy

Increase in the number of cells.

→ Hyperplasia

A disease passed from parents to offspring through genes.

→ Hereditary

Spread of disease or tumor cells through the bloodstream.

→ Hematogenous spread

A group of alleles inherited together from a single parent.

→ Haplotype

The complete set of genetic material of an organism.

→ Genome

Technique to identify the position of genes on chromosomes.

→ Genetic mapping

The cause of a disease.

→ Etiology

The study of disease occurrence and distribution in populations.

→ Epidemiology

Abnormal development or growth of cells.

→ Dysplasia

Any abnormal condition affecting the body.

→ Disease

The process of identifying a disease.

→ Diagnosis

A progressive, age-related deterioration of tissues or organs.

→ Degenerative

A disease present at birth.

→ Congenital

A disease lasting for a long duration, often lifelong.

→ Chronic

A malignant tumor of epithelial tissue.

→ Carcinoma

A noncancerous tumor.

→ Benign neoplasm

Disorders in which the immune system attacks the body itself.

→ Autoimmune disorders

Antibodies produced against the body’s own tissues.

→ Autoantibodies

Decrease in size of cells, tissues, or organs.

→ Atrophy

A condition with no noticeable symptoms.

→ Asymptomatic

A disease that develops suddenly and lasts a short time.

→ Acute