Set 3: Cellular Targets and Modes of Action

What are the four main cellular targets of antimicrobial agents?

1. Cell wall

2. Cytoplasmic membrane

3. Cellular processes (DNA/RNA)

4. Proteins

How do agents target the cell wall? + provide 2 examples

• blocking its synthesis

• destroying it

• Ex: alcohol, detergents

How do agents target the cytoplasmic membrane? + 1 example

• lipid bilayer is disrupted —> causing leakage (chemicals are now able to enter the cell) (Ex: detergents).

How do agents affect cellular processes + 1 example

• Interrupt synthesis of proteins via ribosomes

• prevent multiplication

• changing genetic codes (mutation)

• (Ex: radiation).

How do agents affect proteins? + 3 examples

• Denaturation

• breaking protein bonds/structure

• Ex: alc, moist heat, phenolics