person centered therapy

carl rogers is the first one to study the

conditions of the therapeutic alliance

emotion focused therapy

our emotions impact our functioning, clients with too little, clients with too much

clients with too little emotions

if your suppress them the higher chances of struggle, help them to expand

clients with too much emotions

help them keep it under control

carl rogers did not say that

his work was complete, he wants his followers to evolve his ideas

carl rogers background

he was on the lonely side, focused on academia, close and loving relationships with family, strict religious standards

carl rogers

he built his orientation on research, father of psychotherapy research, he analyzed transcripts of actual therapy sessions, was against assessment

person centered therapy

is not deterministic, clients have the capacity to heal themselves, is committed

view of human nature

trustworthy( believe what they are saying to you), resourceful ( may need to give directions), capable of self understanding (self awareness), capable to make effective changes ( they are not destructive, they can make goals)

carl rogers based his theory on

the hiearchy of needs

____ are very important things to do

taking risks and self actualization

the ideal self

who you inspire to be

the real self

way you perceive yourself, self esteem

incongruent self image and ideal self

the self image is different to the ideal self, there is only a little overlap, in this self actualization will be difficult, use it as a way to distract

congruent self image and ideal self

the self image is similar to the ideal self, there is more overlap, this person can self actualize

actualizing tendency

directional process, move with a plan, strive to be successful

we can not be ____ 100% of the time

congruent

in order for change to occur, 3 attributes need to be present

congruence( genuine, authentic, real, do not put a mask on your emotions), unconditional positive regard ( acceptance, should not be contaminated by judgement), accurate empathetic understanding (understanding someone else's emotions), pre reqs for successful counseling, related to the counselor

clarks 3 empathys or ways of knowing

subjective empathy, interpersonal empathy, objective empathy

subjective empathy

when the therapist experiences what it is like to be the client

interpersonal empathy

understands the clients internal frame of reference

objective empathy

can be problematic, focuses on outside knowledge

4 major benefits to empathy

help clients value their experiences, allows clients to process cognitively and emotionally, help clients gain new perspective, gain confidence

the therapeutic goals of this theory are focused on aiding clients in achieving greater levels of

independence and integration ( the things that they do not like about themselves), reconnecting with themselves

the therapist does not

chose specific goals for the client

clients are responsible to ___ and are ___ and ____

develop their own goals, capable and committed

counselors are

constantly active

therapist roles

more about the attitudes of the therapists, be present and accessible (communication, clients know you will be receptive) to clients, focus on clients immediate experience ( do not dwell on the past)

clients roles

exploring their state of incongruence (have to admit it and willing to talk about it), understanding their feelings, beliefs, behaviors, and worldview ( be explored in the counseling relationship)

as clients feel understood and accepted they become

less defensive, more realistic, more open to their experiences, perceive others with greater accuracy, less concerned about meeting other's expectations

relationship between therapist and client

two persons are in psychological contact, the first (client) is in a state of incongruence, the second (therapist) is congruent and this congruence is perceived by the client, the therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client, the therapist experiences an empathetic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference and communicate this experience to the client, the communication to the client of the therapists empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved

you are able to use ___ but have to use ____

techniques, empathy and care about the therapeutic relationship

therapeutic techniques and procedures

reflection of feeling (more of a skill, feeding back the feelings of the client), presence and immediancy ( the current moment is what matters), the use of assessments

motivational interviewing (MI)

emphasized discrepencies

motivational interviewing identifies five stages of change which are

precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, preperation, action stage, maintenace stage

precontemplation stage

no intention to change

contemplation stage

clients are aware of the problem, considering change but no commitment

preparation

clients intend to take action and report minor changes

action stage

clients are taking active steps to change

maintenance stage

clients work to consolidate their gains and prevent any relapse

strengths/ contributions

diverse, emphasis on research and empathy

limitations

do not use assesment, not having techniques