Anatomical Terms: Position, Directional Terms, Planes

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20 Terms

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Anatomical position

Standing

Face forward

Arms to side

Palms facing forward

Fingers fully extended

Thumbs separated from other fingers (away)

Feet separated

Toes point forward

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Superior/cranial/cephalic

Towards head (ex. chest is superior to navel)

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Inferior/caudal

Away from head (ex. navel is inferior to chest)

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Posterior/dorsal

From the front to the back of the body (heart is posterior to the pectoral muscles)

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Anterior/ventral

From the back of the body to the front (remember: “Abs are Anterior”, “ventral” means belly)

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Proximal

Closest relative to the object being referred to (this primarily refers to limbs. ex. the forearm is proximal to the hand)

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Distal

Farthest relative to the object being referred to (think DIStal, DIStant; also primarily limbs)

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Superficial/external

Nearest to surface (ex. papercut was superficial to skin)

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Deep/internal

Farthest from surface (ex. the bullet wound was deep to the skin)

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Medial

Towards midline of body (think the sagittal plane!)

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Lateral

Farther from the midline (think lateral raises)

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Intermediate

Between 2 structures; the knee would be intermediate between the hip and ankle)

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Sagittal plane

Splits body vertically in half

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Parasagittal plane/longitudinal

When the body is split vertically into 2 unequal left and right sections

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Midsaggital plane

When the body is split vertically into 2 equal left and right sections

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Frontal/coronal plane

Divides into anterior and posterior sections (“coronal” is Latin for “crown”)

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Transverse plane

Divides horizontally into superior and inferior sections (cross section of the human body)

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RUQ

Right Upper Quadrant; to the left and up relative to the belly button

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LUQ

Left Upper Quadrant; to the right and up relative to the belly button

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