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Anatomical position
Standing
Face forward
Arms to side
Palms facing forward
Fingers fully extended
Thumbs separated from other fingers (away)
Feet separated
Toes point forward
Superior/cranial/cephalic
Towards head (ex. chest is superior to navel)
Inferior/caudal
Away from head (ex. navel is inferior to chest)
Posterior/dorsal
From the front to the back of the body (heart is posterior to the pectoral muscles)
Anterior/ventral
From the back of the body to the front (remember: “Abs are Anterior”, “ventral” means belly)
Proximal
Closest relative to the object being referred to (this primarily refers to limbs. ex. the forearm is proximal to the hand)
Distal
Farthest relative to the object being referred to (think DIStal, DIStant; also primarily limbs)
Superficial/external
Nearest to surface (ex. papercut was superficial to skin)
Deep/internal
Farthest from surface (ex. the bullet wound was deep to the skin)
Medial
Towards midline of body (think the sagittal plane!)
Lateral
Farther from the midline (think lateral raises)
Intermediate
Between 2 structures; the knee would be intermediate between the hip and ankle)
Sagittal plane
Splits body vertically in half
Parasagittal plane/longitudinal
When the body is split vertically into 2 unequal left and right sections
Midsaggital plane
When the body is split vertically into 2 equal left and right sections
Frontal/coronal plane
Divides into anterior and posterior sections (“coronal” is Latin for “crown”)
Transverse plane
Divides horizontally into superior and inferior sections (cross section of the human body)
RUQ
Right Upper Quadrant; to the left and up relative to the belly button
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant; to the right and up relative to the belly button