Developmental Psychology Midterm

What is the first stage of Erikson’s Theory?

Trust vs. Mistrust

• This stage occurs from birth to approximately 18 months, where infants learn to trust their caregivers and the environment based on the reliability of care they receive.

What is the second stage of Erikson’s Theory?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

• This stage takes place between 18 months and 3 years, where toddlers learn to assert their independence by making choices and developing self-control.

What is the third stage of Erikson’s theory?

Initiative vs. Guilt

• This stage occurs from 3 to 5 years old. The child faces the challenge of initiating activities and asserting control over their environment while learning to manage guilt over potential mistakes.

What is the fourth stage of Erikson’s theory?

Industry vs. Inferiority

• This stage occurs from 5 to 12 years old. The child faces the challenge of developing a sense of competence and mastery by learning new skills and completing tasks.

What is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• This stage occurs from 13 to 19 years old. The individual explores who they are, their values, beliefs, and sense of self, to develop a clear and stable identity.

What is the sixth stage of Erikson’s theory?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

• This stage occurs from 20 to 40 years old. The individual faces the challenge of forming close, meaningful relationships with others while maintaining a strong sense of self.

What is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

• This stage occurs from 40 to 65 years old. The main challenge is finding ways to contribute to society and help guide the next generation. This often happens through work, family, or community involvement.

What is the eighth and final stage of Erikson’s theory?

Integrity vs. Despair

• This stage starts at 65 years old and go until death. The individual reflects on their life and evaluates whether it has been meaningful and fulfilling.

What is the first stage of Freud’s theory?

Oral Stage

• This occurs from birth to a year old.

• The mouth is the focus on pleasure.

• The key task is weaning

What is the second stage of Freud’s theory?

Anal Stage

• This occurs from 1 to 3 years old.

• The anus is the area of pleasure.

• The key task is toilet training.

• Result: retentive/expulsive

What is the third stage of Freud’s theory?

Phallic Stage

• Occurs from 3 to 6 years old.

• The genitals are the focus of pleasure

• The key task is the same-sex parent

• Oedipus/Electra Complex

What is the fourth stage of Freud’s stage?

Latency Stage

• Occurs from 6 years to puberty

• Sexual impulses are dormant, which is the focus of pleasure

• Key tasks are school, hobbies, and same-sex friendships

What is the fifth and final stage of Freud’s stage?

Genital Stage

• Occurs after Puberty

• The focus of pleasure is the genitals, but in a mature and adult way

• Key task is developing intimate relationships