Unit 2 Topic 7a: Sigma & Pi Bonds; Hybridization

Single bonds

Straight bonds and those straight bonds are called sigma bonds

Double bonds

The first bond is straight and the second is looped around, looped bonds are pi bonds

1 sigma and 1 pi bond

Triple Bonds

Has 2 pi bonds (the 2 looped bonds) and 1 sigma bond (straight bond)

Bond lengths 

Single bonds are the longest
Double bonds are in the middle 
Triple bonds have the shortest bond length

Hybridization

the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new, equivalent hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds

Steric number

Add the number of sigma bonds to the number of unshared electron pairs on the central atom

Hybridization of the sum 2

sp

Hybridization of the sum 3

sp²

Hybridization of the sum 4

sp³

Hybridization of the sum 5

sp³d

Hybridization of the sum 6

sp³d²