Life 103 Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 28: Vertebrates

These flashcards cover key concepts about vertebrate diversity, characteristics, and evolutionary milestones as outlined in the lecture notes.

What defines chordates?

Chordates are defined by four key features at some stage of life: a dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits/pouches, and post-anal tail.

What are the three subphyla of Chordates?

The three subphyla of Chordates are Urochordata (Tunicates), Cephalochordata (Lancelets), and Vertebrata.

What are the key features of Vertebrates?

Vertebrates have a vertebral column that replaces the notochord, a cranium to protect the brain, and a highly developed nervous system and internal organs.

What are the five key characteristics of fishes?

1. Vertebral column and skull; 2. Jaws and paired appendages; 3. Internal gills; 4. Single-loop circulation; 5. Nutritional deficiencies.

What are the major groups of fishes?

Jawless (Agnatha), Cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes), and Bony (Osteichthyes).

What are the distinguishing features of amphibians?

1. Legs for terrestrial locomotion; 2. Lungs for gas exchange on land; 3. Cutaneous respiration; 4. Pulmonary veins; 5. 3-chambered heart.

What are the key adaptations of amniotes for life on land?

Amniotic egg with protective membranes, dry keratinized skin, and thoracic breathing.

How do mammals differ from other vertebrates?

Mammals have hair for insulation, mammary glands for milk production, endothermic metabolism, differentiated teeth, and a 4-chambered heart.

What are the three reproductive types of mammals?

Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals.

What are some key traits of Primates?

Grasping hands, binocular vision, and a large brain.