Midterm 1- Regional Anatomy

Origin of Trapezius

Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, SP C7-T

Insertion of Trapezius

Spine of the scapula, acromion process, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Nerve of Trapezius

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Actions of Trapezius

Elevate, retract, depress, superior rotation of scapula

Origin of Latissimus Dorsi

SP of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

intertubercular groove of the humerus (medial portion)

Nerve of Latissimus Dorsi

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

Extension, medial rotation, adduction of humerus

Origin of Levator Scapula

TP C1-4

Insertion of Levator Scapula

Superior portion of medial border of scapula

Nerve of Levator Scapula

Dorsal scapular (C-5) (may include C3-4

Actions of Levator Scapula

Elevate scapula (may assist with lateral flexion of the cervical vertebrae if scapula is stationary)

Origin of Rhomboid Minor

SP C7-T1

Insertion of Rhomboid Minor

Medial border of scapula level of spine of the scapula (inferior to insertion of levator scapula)

Nerve of Rhomboid Minor

Dorsal scapular nerve (C-5) (may include C-4)

Action of Rhomboid Minor

Retract scapula rotate glenoid cavity inferior

Origin of Rhomboid Major

SP T2-T5

Insertion of Rhomboid Major

Medial border of scapula (Below rhomboid minor to inferior angle)

Nerve of Rhomboid Major

Dorsal scapular (C-5) (may include C4)

Action of Rhomboid Major

Retract scapula rotate glenoid cavity inferior

Origin of Deltoid

Spine of the scapula, acromion process, lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Insertion of Deltoid

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Nerve of Deltoid

Axillary nerve (C5-6)

Action of Deltoid

extension, abduction, flexion of humerus

Origin of Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Supraspinatus

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Nerve of Supraspinatus

Suprascapular nerve (C5-6) (may include C4)

Action of Supraspinatus

Abduction of humerus

Origin of Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion of Infraspinatus

Middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Nerve of of Infraspinatus

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

Action of Infraspinatus

Lateral rotation of humerus

Origin of Teres Minor

Middle portion of lateral border of scapula

Insertion of Teres Minor

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Nerve of Teres Minor

Axillary nerve (C5-6)

Action of Teres Minor

Lateral rotation of humerus

Origin of Subscapularis

Subscapular fossa

Insertion of Subscapularis

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Nerve of Subscapularis

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-7)

Action of Subscapularis

Medial rotation of humerus (assists with adduction)

Origin of Teres Major

Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion of Teres Major

Intertubercular groove of humerus (medial portion)

Nerve of Teres Major

Lower subscapular nerve (C6-7)

Action of Teres Major

Adducts and medially rotates arm (assists latissimus dorsi in extension of humerus)

Origin of Serratus Anterior

External lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8

Insertion of Serratus Anterior

Anterior portion of medial border of scapula

Nerve of Serratus Anterior

Long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

Action of of Serratus Anterior

Protraction of scapula, stabilizes scapula against thoracic wall

Origin of Subclavius

Costal junction rib 1

Insertion of Subclavius

Middle and distal portion of the clavicle

Nerve of Subclavius

Nerve to Subclavius (C5-6)

Action of Subclavius

Stabilize and depress clavicle

Origin of Pectoralis Major

Clavicular head: Anterior surface medial ½ of clavicle, Sternocostal head: anteriolateral sternum

and upper 6 ribs

Insertion of Pectoralis Major

Intertubercular groove of humerus (lateral portion)

Nerve of of Pectoralis Major

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7) to clavicular head, Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1) to sternocostal

head

Action of Pectoralis Major

Adduction and medial rotation of humerus, flexion of humerus

What nerves arise from the posterior cord?

axillary and radial

What nerves arise from the medial cord?

ulnar and median

What nerves arise from the lateral cord?

musculocutaneous and median

What nerve roots make up the ulnar nerve?

C8-T1

What nerve roots make up the axillary nerve?

C5-C6

What nerve roots make up the median nerve?

C5-T1

What nerve roots make up the radial nerve?

C5-T1

What nerve roots make up the musculocutaneous nerve?

C5-C7

What muscles make up the triangular space?

teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps

What passes through the triangular space?

circumflex scapular artery

What makes up the quadrangular space?

teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, humerus

What passes through the quadrangular space?

axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

origin of pectoralis minor

Ribs 3, 4, 5 near costocartilage junction

insertion of pectoralis minor

coracoid process of scapula

nerve of pectoralis minor

Medial pectoral nerve (C8 -T1)

action of pectoralis minor

Protraction and depression of the scapula

Origin of Coracobrachialis

Coraciod process

Insertion of Coracobrachialis

Medial surface of humerus

Nerve of Coracobrachialis

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)

Action of Coracobrachialis

Flexion and adduction of humerus

Origin of Biceps Brachii

Short head: coracoid process, Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion of Biceps Brachii

Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Nerve of Biceps Brachii

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)

Actions of Biceps Brachii

Flexes and supinates forearm (may assist with flexion of the humerus)

Origin of Brachilalis

Distal ½ anterior surface of the humerus

Insertion of Brachialis

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Nerve of Brachialis

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)

Action of Brachialis

Flexion of forearm

Origin of Triceps Brachii

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head: Posterior humerus

Medial head: posterior humerus

Insertion of Triceps Brachii

Olecranon process of ulna

Nerve of Triceps Brachii

Radial nerve (C6-8)

Action of Triceps Brachii

Extension of forearm (long head assists with abduction and extension of humerus)

Origin of Anconeus

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion of Anconeus

Olecranon of ulna and superior portion of

ulna

Nerve of Anconeus

Radial nerve (C7-T1)

Action of Anconeus

Extension of the forearm

What are the 3 muscles that attach to the coracoid process?

pec minor, Coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii

Origin of Brachioradialis

Lateral portion of distal humerus (supracondylar ridge)

Insertion of Brachioradialis

Styloid process and distal 1/3 of radius

Nerve of Brachioradialis

Radial Nerve (C5-7)

Action of Brachioradialis

Flexion of forearm (may assist with supination)

Layers of Anterior Forearm Muscles

1. Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

2. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

3. Flexor Pollicis Longus, Flexor Diditorum Profundus

4. Pronator Quadratus

Origin of Pronator Teres

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion of Pronator Teres

Lateral surface of radius