Chapter 11: Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity

Sea level

________ rise from global warming will harm coral reefs and low- lying islands with mangrove forests.

Economic approaches

________: Reduce or eliminate fishing subsidies.

1979 Global Treaty Migratory Species

Builds global conservation efforts on all migratory species.

1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

An international convention that combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives.

Marine protected areas (MPAs)

Protected from human activities.

Ocean floor

effect of trawlers

Invasive species

Threaten native species and disrupt and degrade whole ecosystems

Fishery

concentration of a particular wild aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a specific area

Fishprint

area of ocean needed to sustain the fish consumption of a person, country, or the world

Marine and freshwater fish

Threatened with extinction by human activities more than any other group of species

Commercial extinction

no longer economically feasible to harvest a species

Fishprint

Area of ocean needed to sustain the fish consumption of an average person, nation, or the world

1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

An international convention that combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives

1979 Global Treaty on Migratory Species

Builds global conservation efforts on all migratory species

Endangered Species Act of 1973

Protects critically imperiled species, damaged by development and economic growth from extinction

U.S. Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 1976

Regulates the Secretary of Commerce to undertake comprehensive conservation studies of all whales found in US waters

1995 International Convention on Biological Diversity

Links traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably

Offshore fishing

Exclusive economic zones for countries

Marine protected areas (MPAs)

Protected from human activities

Core zone

No human activity allowed

Maximum sustained yield (MSY)

the traditional approach

Large marine systems

using large complex computer models

Plant eating fish best

Tilapia

Fishery Regulations

Set low catch limits and improve monitoring and enforcement

Protect Areas

Establish no-fishing areas and establish more marine protected areas

Consumer Information

Label sustainably harvested fish and publicize overfished and threatened species

Bycatch

Use nets that allow the escape of smaller fish

Laws for protection

Zoning laws steer development away from wetlands

Mitigation banking

Can destroy wetlands if create one of equal area

Columbia River

U.S. and Canada

Snake River

Washington state, U.S

Dams

Provide hydroelectric power, provide irrigation water, and hurt salmon

Edward O. Wilson

Completed the mapping of the worlds aquatic biodiversity, identified and preserved aquatic diversity hotspots, created large and fully protected marine reserves, protected and restored the worlds lakes and rivers, and ecological restoration projects worldwide

Invasive species

Threaten native species and disrupt and degrade whole ecosystems

Fishery

concentration of a particular wild aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a specific area

Fish print

area of ocean needed to sustain the fish consumption of a person, country, or the world

Marine and freshwater fish

Threatened with extinction by human activities more than any other group of species

Commercial extinction

no longer economically feasible to harvest a species

1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

An international convention that combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives

1979 Global Treaty on Migratory Species

Builds global conservation efforts on all migratory species.

U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973

Protects critically imperiled species, damaged by development and economic growth from extinction

U.S. Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 1976

Regulates the Secretary of Commerce to undertake comprehensive conservation studies of all whales found in US waters

1995 International Convention on Biological Diversity

Links traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably

1999- Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Certifies sustainably produced seafood

Fishery Regulations

Set low catch limits and improve monitoring and enforcement.

Protect Areas

Establish no-fishing areas and establish more marine protected areas

Consumer Information

Label sustainably harvested fish and publicize overfished and threatened species

Bycatch

Use nets that allow the escape of smaller fish

Laws for protection

Zoning laws steer development away from wetlands. In the U.S., one needs a federal permit to fill wetlands greater than 3 acres

Mitigation banking

Can destroy wetlands if create one of equal area

Dams

Provide hydroelectric power, provide irrigation water, and hurt salmon

Edward O. Wilson

Completed the mapping of the world’s aquatic biodiversity, identified and preserved aquatic diversity hotspots, created large and fully protected marine reserves, protected and restored the world’s lakes and rivers, and ecological restoration projects worldwide.

Core zone

No human activity allowed

Consumer Information

Label sustainably harvested fish and publicize overfished and threatened species