UTS_Reviewer_-_Lessons_1-4

What does a person's name represent in relation to their identity?

A person's name is associated with their identity, but does not define who they truly are.

According to Socrates, what is the true purpose of philosophy?

To 'Know thyself'.

What are the two components of the self according to Plato's Dualism?

Body (physical and mortal) and Soul (spiritual and immortal).

What are the three parts of the soul in Plato's philosophy?

Rational Soul (logic), Spirited Soul (emotions), Appetitive Soul (desires).

What did Augustine agree with Plato regarding the nature of humans?

Humans have a dual nature, with one part desiring the world and another longing for God.

According to Aquinas, what are the two parts of the self?

Matter (body) and Form (soul).

What is Descartes' famous statement that defines the essence of self?

'I think, therefore I am'.

How did Hume describe the self?

As a 'Bundle of Impressions', rejecting the idea of a permanent self.

What are the two types of experiences according to Hume?

Impressions (direct experiences) and Ideas (mental images or memories).

What does Kant propose about the self and experiences?

The self actively organizes experiences and helps us understand reality.

What was Ryle's view on the self?

The self is what we do; it is not a separate entity but is defined by one's actions.

How does Merleau-Ponty characterize the self?

The self is embodied; mind and body cannot be separated.

What does socialization refer to?

The process of learning and internalizing the culture of society.

Define ascribed status.

A status given at birth.

Define achieved status.

A status earned through effort.

What is the role of symbolic interactionism in understanding the self?

The self is created, developed, and changed through social interaction.

What are norms in sociological terms?

Rules on what is acceptable or unacceptable in situations.

What is the significance of social institutions in shaping identity?

Social institutions influence our identity and behavior.

What is the role of family as a social institution?

It organizes people based on familial ties.

What does economics as a social institution regulate?

The flow of resources and services to meet people's needs.

What is the purpose of education as a social institution?

To transmit knowledge, values, and culture from one generation to another.

What does religion provide according to the notes?

Meaning, purpose, and connection beyond life and death.

How does the cognitive perspective view the self?

The self is shaped by mental processes, social interactions, and personal experiences.

Who proposed the two aspects of the self, the 'I' and the 'Me'?

William James.

What does self-concept refer to?

What comes to mind when asked, 'Who am I?'.

What is self-awareness?

Recognizing our own thoughts and identity.

What are the two types of self-awareness?

Private Self (internal thoughts) and Public Self (presentation to others).

What effects can self-awareness have?

It can help in making responsible decisions, but can also lead to self-consciousness.

What does deindividuation refer to?

Losing self-awareness in large groups, leading to unusual behavior.

What is self-esteem?

How we perceive and evaluate ourselves, positively or negatively.

What are the two types of social comparison?

Downward Social Comparison (comparing to someone worse off) and Upward Social Comparison (comparing to someone better).

What is the definition of narcissism?

Extreme self-admiration or an overly high self-image.

What is the impact of narcissism on relationships?

Narcissists form relationships for personal gain and can become bad friends or partners.

What is the key difference between Eastern and Western thoughts on the self?

Eastern thought focuses on collective harmony; Western thought emphasizes individual success.

What does Confucianism emphasize regarding the self?

The self is connected to society and identity depends on community.

What is the concept of the 'Subdued Self' in Confucianism?

Personal desires are repressed for the good of society.

How does Taoism view the self?

The self is part of the universe, and harmony is achieved by accepting change.

What does Buddhism teach about the self?

The self is an illusion that leads to suffering due to attachment.

What do Eastern philosophies generally prioritize?

Harmony, selflessness, and the self's role in society.

How do Western philosophies typically define success?

By personal achievements and competition.

What is a key takeaway regarding different cultural views of identity?

Understanding different perspectives helps appreciate various ways of defining success and identity.