Sts baliw

Nanometer

One billionth of a meter

Technology

Usage, knowledge of tools, machines to perform a function

Nanotechnology

Study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale

Construction and engineering of the functional systems

Richard Feynman 1959

First ever nanotech concepts was presented

Norio Taniguchi 1974

Coined the term Nanotechnology

Timeline

2000 Passive Nanostructures

2005 Active Nanostructures

2010 Systems of Nanosystems

2015 Molecular Nanosystems

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Invented in 1981

Fullerene (C60) 1985

Led to the emergence of nanotech

Nanolithography Techniques

Optical lithography, X ray litography, Electron beam litography (inkjet printer)

Carbon Nanotube

Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostrure

Nanotubes (Fullerene structural family)

Graphene

long, hollow, one atom thick sheets of carbon

Nanorods

Morphology of nanoscale objects synthesized from metals or semiconducting materials.

Nanobots

Still in R&D phase, necessary to work in large numbers, microscopic

Morph

Super hydrophobic making it extremely dirt repellant

Climate change

Caused by greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gas

Comes from natural resources and man-made acts

Greenland 1996 - 2005

The loss of ice doubled as its glaciers flowed faster due to warmer climate

Non-Urban Stations

Shows a rise in mean temps between 1960-1998

SST (Sea Surface temperature)

Higher SSTs means more frequent stronger storms

Climate

Average or typical state of the weather at a specific location and time of the year. Long Term

Weather

Conditions of the atmosphere for a short period of time. Short Term

Atmoshpere

Fast responding medium which surrounds us and immediately affects our condition

Hydroshpere

All the oceans and waters, main source of precipitation

Land Masses

Affects atmosphere and oceans via morphology

Cryosphere

Ice component of the climate system

Biota

All forms of life

Greenhouse Effect

Short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through the atmosphere and are absorbed by the Earth

Global Warming

Gradual increase in the ave temp of Earth’s atmos and oceans

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Reducing exposure

Actions that minimize the exposure to hazards

Reducing Sensitivity

Actions that make people less sensitive to climate change

Increasing adaptive capacity

Actions that increase capacity to manage negative impacts of climate change

Effective Adaptation

Responds to the diff dimension of vulnerability to climate change

Adaptation

Focused explicitly on reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change

Biotech

Combination of biology and technology,

usage and application of biological organisms or systems for industrial and human welfare,

controlled use of biological agens

Karoly Ereky 1919

Biotechnology was given to describe converting raw materials to a more useful product.

Egyptians 4,000 years ago

Usage of fermentation for rising dough, 50 varieties of bread

German Miescher 1869

Discovery of DNA from trout sperm

US Supreme Court 1980

Patenting of genetically altered organisms

1980 - 1990

GMOs and bio techniques used in agriculture and medicines

Bacillus thuringensis 1990

First transgenic organisms (GMOs) are introduced in widespread agricultural production.

Dolly 1997

First animal cloned from diploid in Scotland

1990 - 2000

Human cloning is outlawed in the US

Robert Hooke 1665

Compound light microscope, observed cells in cork

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Simple microscope, discovered bacteria

Gregor Mendel 1863

Austrian monk, 1st genetic experiments using pea plants, founder of geneteics

Louis Pasteur

Bacteria in spoilage, Rabies Vaccine

James Watson & Francis Crick

Double helix DNA using Xray photographs

Paul Berg

Stanford Univ Scientist that developed recombinant dna tech