John Locke

What is meant by “The Enlightenment”?

age of reason

human reason alone can find trough

Explain the difference in outlook between Ancient/Medieval Period & the Early Modern Period

A/MP: the way things are/should be (perspective)

EMP: explained by scientific laws (descriptive)

Lock is a British ___

Empiricist

How did Locke characterize Descartes’ Innate Idea?

no evidence for the theory

Describe how Locke used Ockham’s Razor

we should not “multiply entities beyond necessity”

simpler explantations are better

According to Locke the mind is a(n) ___

blank state

How does Locke use the term “idea”?

fundamental component of mind

What does Locke mean by “sensation”?

we perceive external objects through the senses (5 sense)

What did Locke cal sensation?

first foundation of knowledge

Where does knowledge come from according to Locke?

5 senses

experience

When the mind is thinking about thinking, what did he call this?

reflection

Reflection, Locke call it ____

second foundation of knowledge

Describe a simple idea

come directly from experience

cannot be analyzed into simpler components

shape, size, location

Describe a complex idea

compounds of simple idea

mind separates out a feature that objects have in common & generalize it

Where is primary quality?

in object independent of perception

shape, size, location

Where is secondary quality?

capacities that produce the ideas of color, taste, smell, sound, & warmth/cold

how we perceive it = in the mind

How did Locke say a person exists over time?

1 unique consciousness

be same self in “what substance you please”

How did Locke describe a person?

a thinking intelligent being

thinking thing

Is consciousness separate from thinking according to Locke?

no, consciousness = thinking

What is the main contribution that Locke made to personal identity?

consciousness

What did Locke mean by “self depends on consciousness not substance”?

conscious of pleasure & pain

capable of happiness or misery

concerned for itself

not body in consciousness

Describe what he means by “person is a forensic term”

those entities who can be held responsible for their actions