Chemistry Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to atomic behavior, chemical bonding, and molecular structures as discussed in the chemistry lecture.

What are the key properties of elements in group 17 of the periodic table?

Elements in group 17 want to gain one electron to achieve a full valence shell.

Why is it difficult to pull off valence electrons from chlorine?

Chlorine has seven valence electrons and wants to gain one more to achieve an octet.

What is the difference between cations and anions?

Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons, while anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.

What does the switcheroo method help with in chemistry?

The switcheroo method is used to predict the formula of a compound by using the charges of the ions involved.

How does electronegativity influence polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

In polar covalent bonds, there is an uneven sharing of electrons due to differing electronegativities; in nonpolar bonds, electrons are shared equally.

What are hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons are compounds made of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

What are the differences between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

Alkanes have single bonds, alkenes have at least one double bond, and alkynes have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

What is the result of the differences in electronegativity in water molecules?

It creates partial positive and negative charges, leading to hydrogen bonding.

What is the significance of valence electrons in bond formation?

Valence electrons determine how an atom interacts and bonds with other atoms.

What indicates that a molecule is saturated versus unsaturated?

A saturated molecule has all single bonds, while an unsaturated molecule contains one or more double or triple bonds.