Ch 14 CEP 240 Physical and Health Disabilities

Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities

low-incidence disabilities

Disabilities that occur relatively infrequently in a population compared to other disability categories.

orthopedic impairment

A physical disability that occurs from congenital anomalies, diseases, or other causes that adversely affect a child’s educational performance.

traumatic brain injury

An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external force results in a disability or psychosocial impairment that adversely affects educational performance.

neuromotor impairment

Several types of impairments are caused by damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves that send impulses to the muscles of the body.

cerebral palsy

Several nonprogressive disorders of voluntary movement or posture that are caused by damage to the developing brain.

spastic cerebral palsy

A type of cerebral palsy in which the person has very tight muscles occurring in one or more muscle groups, resulting in stiff, uncoordinated movements.

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

A type of cerebral palsy in which the person exhibits writhing, contorted, and/or jerky purposeless movements.

mixed cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy that consists of combinations of different types.

hemiplegia

Paralysis (or spasticity) on the left or right side of the body.

spina bifida

Failure of the neural tube to completely close during fetal development. In its most severe form, the baby is born with a sac protruding through the spine containing part of the spinal cord

limb reduction defect

Any number of skeletal abnormalities in which one limb, or more than one limb, is missing or severely underdeveloped.

seizure

A sudden, temporary change in the normal functioning of the brain’s electrical system due to excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

epilepsy

A chronic condition in which the person has reoccurring seizures.

absence seizure

A type of generalized onset seizure whereby the individual loses consciousness and stops moving for a very brief time.

tonic-clonic seizure

A generalized type of seizure whereby the individual loses consciousness, becomes very stiff, and then begins making rhythmic jerking motions.

asthma

A chronic lung disease that causes restriction of a person’s airways upon encountering a trigger, leading to shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing.

environmental control unit (ECU)

A device that allows the user to control electric appliances, telephones, and other items that use electric outlets from a distance.

Any student exhibiting a physical or health disability may qualify for special education services under IDEA eligibility criteria.

False

Of students receiving special education services, the largest group is those with physical, health, and other related disabilities.

False

How did society treat individuals with physical or health impairments before the late 1900s?

People generally saw those with physical or health impairments as undesirable.

What type of seizure is characterized by a temporary loss of consciousness and no movement?

Absence

If a teacher gives a student additional rest breaks throughout the school day to accommodate a physical or health impairment, the teacher is using a(n) ______ adaptation.

Environment

The teaching techniques designed for a particular population of students to assist with learning specific material are known as ______.

specialized instructional strategies

The extent to which an individual’s physical or health impairment affects their school performance is in part dependent on the ______.

type of their disability and its severity

If a teacher gives a student increased feedback, additional time to complete assignments, and study outlines to accommodate a physical or health impairment, the teacher is using what type of adaptation?

curricular

When the physical therapist is selecting a positioning device for a student with a physical or health disability, it is important that they choose a device that ______.

allows for maximum classroom participation

Which is an example of an input adaptation that may be applied to a computer for a student with a physical or health disability?

on−screen keyboard

When should career preparation for a student with a physical or health disability begin?

throughout the student’s school years

What is one of the major issues in the field of physical disabilities, health disabilities, and related low−incidence disabilities?

assessing the cognitive functioning of students with severe physical disabilities

Why is it important to provide students with severe physical disabilities a reliable means of response, such as eye gazing or switch activation?

It allows them to answer questions in a consistent way.